Download Staying Alive Powerpoint

S2 Biology
Madras College
• When you exercise,
your heart beats
faster and you
breathe quicker
and more deeply.
• This provides your
muscles with more
oxygen and sugar
from your blood.
• The Oxygen and Sugar are needed by
your muscle cells for RESPIRATION.
• The main jobs of the blood are:
– Transport Oxygen and Food to your
body cells.
– Removal of Carbon Dioxide and Waste
Chemicals from your cells.
– Protection from Disease.
Plasma – Liquid part of
blood. Contains cells
and dissolved
substances.
Red Blood Cell –
Contain Haemoglobin
and carry Oxygen.
Platelets – Help blood
to clot.
White Blood Cell –
Helps destroy infecting
germs.
There are 4 Blood Groups A,B,AB and O.
People from different parts of the world may have different blood
groups to us.
Global distribution of Blood Groups
•
•
The heart is made of
muscle and pumps blood
around your body.
There are 2 chambers on
each side of the heart (4
in total).
Oxygenated Blood
Deoxygenated Blood
Pulmonary Vein
Vena Cava
Lungs
Carbon
Dioxide
enters lungs.
Oxygen
enters blood
Pulmonary Artery
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Ventricle
Body cells
Oxygen enters
cells.
Aorta
Carbon Dioxide
enters blood.
Pulmonary
Artery
Semi-Lunar
Valves
Vena
Cava
Aorta
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Pulmonary Vein
Atrioventricular
Valve
Cardiac Muscle – Left
Ventricle more
muscular. Pumps
blood to whole body.
Oxygenated blood
Ventricles contract
and pump blood
into Arteries
Deoxygenated Blood
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Atria fill with
blood from Veins.
Atria contract and
pump blood down
into Ventricles
• You can listen
to your heart
beat with a
stethoscope.
• There are 3 types of blood vessel.
• These are Arteries, Veins and Capillaries.
Thick muscular wall.
Thin walls.
Walls ONE CELL thick.
Carry blood AWAY
from heart.
Carry blood TO the
heart.
Substances exchanged
between BLOOD and
CELLS.
Blood under HIGH
PRESSURE.
Blood under LOW
PRESSURE.
Have VALVES.
Deliver blood to ALL
BODY CELLS.
The Coronary Arteries deliver
blood to your heart muscle.
They can sometimes become
blocked by fatty substances (eg.
Cholesterol).
The blockage is sometimes
called a Plaque.
They can cause heart attacks.
A healthy diet and regular
exercise can reduce the risk of
these plaques appearing.
Causes of heart
attacks are written
inside the heart.
Good advice is
written outside.
Remember:
Skull
Jawbone
Clavicle
Sternum
Humerus
Rib
The human Skeleton does 3
main jobs:
Backbone
Pelvis
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Knee cap
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
1. Provides support .
2. Provides a place for
muscles to attach and so
allows movement.
3. Protects vital inner organs.
Joints allow our
bodies to move.
They are found where
bones meet.
There are several
types of joint in the
body.
The two we learn
about are:
1. HINGE JOINT.
2. BALL AND
SOCKET JOINT.
• Hinge joints (eg.
Finger, knee,
elbow) only move
in 1 direction
• These joints (eg.
Hip, Shoulder
joint) can move in
many directions
Bone
Ligament – holds the joint together.
Synovial Membrane – produces
synovial fluid.
Synovial Fluid – lubricates the synovial
joint.
Cartilage – allows smooth movement of
bones and acts as a shock absorber.
Bone
• Your muscles are
attached to your
bones by
TENDONS.
• Your muscles
provide the force to
move your bones at
the joints.
• This allows your
body to move.
• Muscles can only..
• CONTRACT – Become shorter.
• RELAX – Become longer.
RELAX
CONTRACT
Muscles work in pairs. Eg. BICEPS and TRICEPS in the upper
arm.
When one contracts, the other relaxes.
Muscles which work this way are ANTAGONISTIC.
Biceps relax.
Biceps contract.
Triceps contract.
Triceps relax.
Arm lowered.
Arm raised.
BICEPS
• Muscles and Bones work like LEVERS.
LOAD
EFFORT
1 Kg
PIVOT
TENDONS join MUSCLE to BONE.
BONE
LIGAMENTS join BONE to BONE.
LIGAMENTS
BONE
BONE
TENDONS