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7th Grade
Unit 5:
The Structure and Function
of Body Systems
Lesson 1:
Muscular, Skeletal, and
Integumentary Systems
Vocabulary of Instruction:
Ball and Socket Joint
• Is a joint in
which the distal
bone is capable
of motion around
an indefinite
number of axes,
which have one
common center
(hips and
shoulders).
Calcium
• Silvery
metallic
element
present in
the earth as
well as in
most
animals and
plants.
Cardiac Muscle
• Is a type of involuntary striated muscle found
within the heart and its function is to
"pump" blood through the circulatory
system by contracting.
Dermis
• Layer of
skin below
the
epidermis.
Epidermis
• Outermost
layer of
the skin.
Flat Bones
• These bones are
composed of two thin
layers of compact
tissue enclosing
between them a
variable quantity
of cancellous tissue,
which is the location
of red bone marrow.
In an adult, most red
blood cells are
formed in flat bones.
Follicle
• Small sac
or cavity on
the skin.
Function
• Duty, role; use or
purpose of an organ
or organ system.
The Rib Cage’s primary function is
protection for the heart and lungs
The Spine is the structure that
supports and stabilizes the body and
enables motion
Gliding Joints
• The most
common and
most moveable
type of joints in
the body which
admits only
gliding
movement.
Hinge Joints
• The articular
surfaces are
moulded to each
other in such a
manner as to
permit motion only
in one plane,
forward and
backward, the
extent of motion at
the same time
being considerable
(elbow and knees).
Integumentary
• A natural
protective
covering of
an outer
coating or
layer.
The skin and its derivatives (hair,
nails, sweat and oil glands) make
up the integumentary system.
Involuntary Muscle
• Are smooth, uni-nucleated, nonbranching muscles that are not directly
controllable at will by the brain.
Irregular Bones
• Have special shapes
for the jobs they
have to do.
• Examples:
– Patella or knee cap.
– vertebrae.
Ligaments
• Flexible connecting tissue
which connects two or
more bones, cartilages, or
bones and cartilage, and
support organs in the body.
Long Bones
• Are those that are
longer than they
are wide, and grow
primarily by
elongation of
the main or mid
section of a long
bone, with
a rounded end of a
long bone at the
ends of the
growing bone.
Nail Bed
• Base of the fingernail.
Pivot Joints
• Where the
movement is
limited to rotation,
the joint is formed
by a pivot-like
process turning
within a ring, or a
ring on a pivot,
the ring being
formed partly
of bone and partly
of ligament (head
and neck).
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/ARM.MOV
Short Bones
• Are small, squat, light
and very strong.
• Examples:
– carpals (hand)
– tarsal's. (foot)
Skeletal Muscle
• Muscle attached
to either or
both ends of a
bone and
moves the
bones.
Smooth Muscle
• Is a type of nonstriated muscle, found
within the "walls" of
hollow organs and
elsewhere like
the bladder and
abdominal cavity,
the uterus, male and
female reproductive
tracts, the
gastrointestinal tract,
the respiratory tract, the
vasculature, the skin and
the ciliary muscle and iris
of the eye.
Striated Muscle
• A muscle that is
connected at
either or both
ends to a bone
and so move parts
of the skeleton; a
muscle that is
characterized by
transverse stripes.
Subcutaneous
• Referred to a location
under the skin;
administered under
the skin.
Systems
• Combination of related things or parts that
form a complex whole.
Tendons
• Cord of fibrous tissue
which connects a muscle
to a bone or other parts
of the body.
Voluntary Muscle
• Striated
muscle
that can be
controlled
voluntarily
by the
brain.