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Bacteria and Viruses Viruses What makes something ALIVE? Maintains homeostasis. Reproduction Cellular organization Metabolism Contains Genetic Information Are viruses ALIVE? Viruses do reproduce and contain genetic information. Viruses do not break down food, grow or move. Viruses are helpless without living cells! Viruses need to live in other cells called “host cells” so that they can reproduce! VIRUSES ARE NOT ALIVE!!! Viruses are made up of nucleic acid surrounded by one or two protein coats. I. Viruses -Viruses are non-living particles. -They have a nucleic acid core and a protein containing capsid. Viruses -Viruses need a host cell in order to make more viruses. Diseases caused by viruses -Many diseases are caused by viruses including: Common cold, flu, small pox, warts and HIV. How can you get a virus? Airborne Contaminated blood products Infected Animals or Vectors such as Mosquitoes Contaminated food or water Sexual contact II. Bacteria -There are two kinds of bacteria: 1. Archaebacteria-live in extreme environments (ex: hot springs, cold mountains). 2. Eubacteria-live everywhere else (ex: our bodies, food). Bacteria -Bacteria are small, one-celled prokaryotes. -Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission. Bacteria Structure of Bacteria: -All bacteria have a cell wall. -Bacteria are surrounded by a capsule which keeps them from being eaten by white blood cells. -Only bacteria that have capsules are infectious (can cause disease). Bacteria Bacteria 1. Bacteria come in 3 shapes a. cocci-spheres b. bacilli-rods c. spirilli-spirals 2. Bacteria can be arranged in 3 ways a. Diplo-paired b. Staphylo-grapelike clusters c. Strepto-long chain 3. Bacteria can live with or without oxygen a. Aerobes-need oxygen (O2) b. Anerobes-don’t need oxygen (O2) Bacteria shapes Streptococci Diplobacillis Streptospirilli Bacteria -Bacteria are all around us. Not all bacteria cause disease-we have bacteria that live in our stomachs that actually keep us healthy! -Some bacteria do cause diseases such as Strep Throat, pneumonia, diphtheria. Bacteria -Penicillin kills bacteria by making holes in the cell wall. Water then enters the cell by osmosis, and the cells explode and die.