* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download influenza (flu)
Survey
Document related concepts
Gastroenteritis wikipedia , lookup
Yellow fever wikipedia , lookup
2015–16 Zika virus epidemic wikipedia , lookup
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
Middle East respiratory syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Ebola virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
West Nile fever wikipedia , lookup
Herpes simplex virus wikipedia , lookup
Orthohantavirus wikipedia , lookup
Hepatitis B wikipedia , lookup
Henipavirus wikipedia , lookup
Oseltamivir wikipedia , lookup
Antiviral drug wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
INFLUENZA (FLU) I. Overview: • Affects 5% - 10% of the population yearly. • Directly attributable to an average of 36,000 deaths each year in the U.S. • Over 90% of flu-related deaths occur in people > 65 years of age. • The rest occur mostly in children < 2 years old and in people with high-risk medical conditions (diabetes, cancer, etc.) INFLUENZA (FLU) II. Modes of transmission: • • Inhalation of the virus while it is in the air. Contact with the virus from the droplets (from coughing, sneezing, touching by the contaminated hands) on the surfaces: – – – – Keyboards Phones Door knobs Others INFLUENZA (FLU) III. INFECTIOUS PERIODS: How long can an infected person shed the virus (and be contagious)? • Adults: from ONE day before the symptoms occur until FIVE days after the onset. • Children: can remain infectious for up to 10 days after symptoms appear. • People with weakened immune system: Can shed the virus for weeks or even months. INFLUENZA (FLU) IV. SYMPTOMS: Is it a Cold or a Flu? SYMPTOMS COLD Fever Rare Chills Rare Headache Rare Body aches Slight Fatigue/weakness Sometimes Stuffy nose Common Sneezing Common Sore throat Common FLU Usual (100F - >102F) Common Common Usual: often severe Usual Sometimes Sometimes Sometimes INFLUENZA (FLU) V. PROGNOSIS: What happens next to the flu victims? • Flu is a self-limited disease in most people. • Uncomplicated cases resolve in 3 – 7 days. • Cough and fatigue may last for up to 2 wks. • Complications (please see the next slide) may develop in certain groups of flu victims. INFLUENZA (FLU) VI. COMPLICATIONS • Occur mainly in the high-risk groups: – Children 6 months – 5 years old. – Pregnant women – The elderly – People with chronic medical conditions (diabetes, HIV, COPD, cancer, etc.) INFLUENZA (FLU) VI. COMPLICATIONS – continued • Pneumonia – the most common complication. • Middle ear infections. • Acute sinusitis. • Bronchitis. • Death. INFLUENZA (FLU) VII. TREATMENT A. General measures: • Increase fluid intake. • Activities: as tolerated. B. Symptomatic treatments: – Acetaminophen (first line) or Ibuprofen (second line) for fever & aches. – DO NOT use Aspirin in children < 16 years of age. – Cough syrup. INFLUENZA (FLU) VII. TREATMENT – Cont.’d C. Antiviral medications: • Must be taken within the first 24-30 hours of symptom onset to be effective. • Shorten the flu symptoms by 1 day. • May reduce the complications of flu. • Types of antiviral medications recommended for the 2008 -2009 flu season: 1. Oseltamivir 2. Zanamivir INFLUENZA (FLU) VIII. PREVENTION A. GENERAL MEASURES: • Maintain good health: - Good, nutritious foods Plenty of sleep Minimize stress level Exercise regularly Avoid smoking Avoid or minimize alcoholic drinks INFLUENZA (FLU) VIII. PREVENTION – Cont.’d A. GENERAL MEASURES – cont.’d: • Minimize the risk of contracting the virus: - - Wash hands frequently. Avoid touching the mouth, nose or eyes unnecessarily. Avoid (or minimize spending time in) the crowded places (shopping malls, crowded waiting rooms, etc.) during the flu season. INFLUENZA (FLU) VIII. PREVENTION – Cont.’d B. VACCINATION: • Two types are available: – Attenuated (nasal spray): • Contains weakened but live virus. • May cause the flu in those with weakened immune system. – Inactivated (injectable, aka “flu shot”): • Contains killed virus. • Used by the Wellness Center • Is generally safe. • Prevents the flu in about 80% of vaccinated healthy adults 65 and younger. INFLUENZA (FLU) The Final Thoughts…. • The flu is: – Much better prevented than treated. – Both widespread and expensive for patients and the health care system. • Vaccination is: – The cornerstone of prevention. – Still available at the Wellness Center for PBG employees and their spouses/domestic partners. • Although complications are rare among healthy adults, dealing with fever, chills, cough, bad headaches & body aches for 3 – 7 days is not a fun and easy task, and is so unnecessary, especially when the flu shot is readily available and generally safe! • It’s NOT TOO LATE YET to get the flu shot. So, please drop by the Wellness Center if you haven’t got it yet. No appointment necessary! Thank you, Sokan