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Unit 4 Biotechnologies Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies Unit 4 Biotechnologies Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Medical Biotechnologies Agricultural Biotechnologies 2 Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies Section 14.1 Disease Prevention Section 14.2 Diagnosis of Disease Section 14.3 Treatment of Disease 3 Disease Prevention 14.1 Objectives Content Vocabulary Identify disease prevention technologies. pathogen pasteurization Explain the difference between pasteurization and irradiation. Explain how immunization works. irradiation sanitation immunization vaccine ergonomics 4 Disease Prevention 14.1 Graphic Organizer Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study. 5 Disease Prevention 14.1 Get Started! What experiences have with biotechnology? 6 Link: Genetic Engineering http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/genen g/geneng3a.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1 http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/making_insuli n.htm 7 Disease Prevention 14.1 Medical Biotechnologies “Bio” means life. “Bio” and technology have combined to create a new field of medical engineering for the future. 8 Disease Prevention 14.1 Disease Prevention Finding and studying pathogens help the world stay healthier. pathogen organism that causes disease 9 Disease Prevention 14.1 Pasteurization and Irradiation Pasteurization and irradiation are two processes needed to kill pathogens in food. pasteurization heat treatment used to destroy pathogens in food irradiation in biotechnology, treating products with radiation to destroy pathogens 10 Disease Prevention 14.1 Sterilization In the 1800s, medical procedures and surgeries were performed with little sterilization. Today medical procedures require every detail in a surgical room undergo proper sterilization. 11 Disease Prevention 14.1 Water Treatment Clean water reduces pathogens and disease. Some local water treatment facilities add fluoride to the water to promote healthy teeth. New technology: Nanotube technology helps purify water at a microscopic level. 12 Starter Activity-waste water Time Limit:5min Students (groups):Log on to the below links or use the textbooks to differentiate grey water and black water. http://dictionary.infoplease.com/black-water http://www.thefreedictionary.com/grey+water http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/graywater.html 13 Brainstorming:Importance of sanitation Discussion –answers(Activity) (Plato –Wall wisher or Board) Knowledge :What happens if the black water is released into the environment? Time Limit:5 min(For answering and Discussion) 14 Disease Prevention 14.1 Sanitation Public sewage disposes of waste away from homes, businesses, and public streets. This is an important function of sanitation. sanitation removal of waste products or contaminants that could cause disease 15 Sewage Treatment At sewage treatment plant water is removed from the waste ,purified and released back into the environment. Solid wastes are buried or burned. 16 Video-Sewage treatment http://www.rcap.org/node/604 17 Disease Prevention 14.1 Hazardous(dangerous) waste Hazardous wastes from medical facilities require special treatment to protect people from harmful organisms and disease. wastes are buried or burned or treated to make harmless. Proper disposal of hazardous waste is also important to the environment and people’s health. 18 Comprehension Explain why is sanitation so important? Time limit:3 minutes 19 Video-Sewage Treatment Time limit 3 minutes http://www.rcap.org/node/604 20 Immunization http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infecti ousdiseases_immunity/immunity4.cfm http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infecti ousdiseases_immunity/immunity4.cfm?coSiteNavig ation_allTopic=1 21 Disease Prevention 14.1 Immunization Children and adults are given immunizations to help prevent the spread of diseases. immunization a process for making the body resistant to disease, usually by vaccination 22 Disease Prevention 14.1 Healthier Living Not all diseases are caused by pathogens. Lack of exercise, eating junk foods, and unhealthy habits contribute to poor health. Choose a healthy lifestyle that includes eating nutritious foods and exercising. 23 Disease Prevention 14.1 Ergonomics Comfort is an important aspect of ergonomic product design. ergonomics the design of equipment and environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called human factors engineering. 24 Video-Ergonomics http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ergonomics.htm l http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3z7uYMmaZ0&li st=PL0731C872B870364C&index=2 25 Vocabulary Antibody: Protein produced by lymphocytes that attaches to specific antigen Lymphocyte: White blood cells that make Antibody to fight off infections Immune system: The body’s natural defence mechanism against infectious disease Vaccine: Medicine that contains a dead or weakened Pathogen. It stimulates immune system so that vaccinated person has an immunity against that disease. 26 Section Review questions Students has to solve section review question in their notebook. 27 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Objectives Content Vocabulary Define genetic testing. Describe imaging technologies. Identify tests used to read electrical impulses of the human body. genetic testing CT scan ultrasound MRI endoscope 28 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Graphic Organizer Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study. 29 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Get Started! What do you think are the characteristics of a good doctor? 30 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Primary Physician Getting a physical examination from a doctor involves checking the heart, lungs, and stomach for abnormal sounds. Sometimes blood is also drawn for a variety of tests. 31 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Laboratory Tests Sometimes people undergo genetic testing to evaluate their hereditary health. genetic testing evaluation of a person’s genes to discover if the person is at risk for a particular disease 32 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Imaging Body Structures Full-body X-ray scans are becoming more popular for viewing the all the parts of the body. 33 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Imaging Body Structures These imaging body tests include: CT scan Ultrasound CT scan computerized axial tomography; an X-ray image enhanced by a computer and shown on its screen ultrasound in medicine, a small, flexible instrument, having a camera attached, that is inserted into a patient through an incision or by some other means 34 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Imaging Body Structures These imaging body tests also include: MRI Endoscope Electrocardiogram (EKG) Electroencephalogr aph (EEG) MRI magnetic resonance imaging; in medicine, the use of a magnetic field to create an image of body structures endoscope in medicine, a small, flexible instrument, having a camera attached, that is inserted into a patient through an incision or by some other means 35 Diagnosis of Disease 14.2 Other Screening Methods Other machines can read electrical impulses created by the body to produce: Electrocardiograms (EKG) Electroencephalograph (EEG) EKGs show the heart’s electrical impulses. EEGs show the activity of the brain. 36 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Objectives Content Vocabulary Explain how antibiotics work. Describe three types of surgery. Define genetic engineering. Explain the purposes of bionics. antibiotic laser surgery implant genetic engineering telemedicine bionics 37 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Graphic Organizer Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study. 38 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Get Started! Why might overused antibiotics or medicines become ineffective over time? 39 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Medicines Some diseases can be cured with the help of medicines, like antibiotics, and other treatments. However, if antibiotics are overused, some diseasecausing germs can become resistant. antibiotic a substance that kills bacteria 40 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Surgical Procedures Surgery is constantly being upgraded and perfected with more refined tools and instruments. 41 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Surgical Procedures Technology has a profound effect on medical devices. For example, a laser surgery can be performed instead of a surgery with a scalpel. laser surgery surgery done with a laser beam instead of a scalpel 42 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Electronic Implants Sometimes people are given implants to correct or solve medical problems. implant an electronic device inserted into the body 43 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering continues to be a focus of research at universities and businesses looking to develop drugs for treating disease. genetic engineering altering or combining genetic material in order to treat a disease or modify body characteristics 44 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Telemedicine There is long-distance education. Now there is longdistance medicine, known as telemedicine. telemedicine using communication technology to transmit medical information and advice over a distance 45 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Telemedicine Telemedicine might be helpful if you live in a rural area and need to be tested by a specialist who is far away. 46 Treatment of Disease 14.3 Bionics Medical engineers are developing systems that can replace human body parts. This area of medicine is called bionics. bionics creating mechanical replacements for human body parts 47 Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies Review Content Vocabulary Check 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. pathogen pasteurization irradiation sanitation immunization vaccine pasteurization immunization irradiation sanitation pathogen vaccine In AHeat Treating Organism medicine, process Removal treatment products for that aofmaking preparation waste causes used with the to destroy body products radiation containing resistant pathogens disease or contaminants todead to destroy disease, inorfood that usually weakened could pathogens bycause vaccination pathogens disease used to stimulate a person’s immune system 48 Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies Review Content Vocabulary Check 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ergonomics genetic testing CT scan ultrasound MRI endoscope genetic ergonomics endoscope ultrasound CTMRI scan testing The Evaluation InIn Magnetic Computerized medicine, design medicine, of of resonance the aequipment aperson’s small, axial use of flexible sound imaging; genes tomography; and waves environments instrument, toindiscover medicine, toan create X-ray having if to the the an ause promote image camera image person of a of enhanced magnetic is attached, human internal at risksafety, field for body by that aato is structures create computer health, inserted particular an and into image and onwell-being; disease aashown computer patient of body on also through called structures its an screen screen human incisionfactors or by some engineering other means 49 Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies Review Content Vocabulary Check 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. antibiotic laser surgery implant genetic engineering telemedicine bionics genetic laser telemedicine antibiotic implant bionics engineering surgery Creating In InUsing Altering medicine, medicine, communication replacements or surgery an combining a substance electronic done for with genetic device technology human that a laser inserted material kills body beam bacteria to transmit parts into ininstead order the medical to treat of information abody ascalpel disease or and advice modify over abody distance characteristics 50 Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies Review Quick Check 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name some disease prevention technologies. Explain how immunizations work. Discuss genetic testing. Explain how antibiotics work. Explain genetic engineering. Answers 1. pasteurization, irradiation, sterilization, water treatment, and immunization 2. They use dead or weakened pathogens to make vaccines to stimulate the body’s immune system and attack the pathogen. 3. DNA is examined to determine if certain genes that make you more likely to get certain diseases have been passed to you from your parents. 4. An antibiotic can kill bacteria and other germs. 5. Genetic engineering alters and combines the genetic material in DNA to treat a disease or modify body characteristics. 51 Vocabulary Antibody: Protein produced by lymphocytes that attaches to specific antigen Lymphocyte: White blood cells that make Antibody to fight off infections Immune system: The body’s natural defence mechanism against infectious disease Vaccine: Medicine that contains a dead or weakened Pathogen. It stimulates immune system so that vaccinated person has an immunity against that disease. 52 Vaccine: Medicine that contains a dead or weakened Pathogen. It stimulates immune system so that vaccinated person has an immunity against that disease. 53 End of Chapter 14 Medical Biotechnologies