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Unit 4
Biotechnologies
Chapter 14
Medical
Biotechnologies
Unit
4
Biotechnologies
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Medical
Biotechnologies
Agricultural
Biotechnologies
2
Chapter
14
Medical Biotechnologies
Section 14.1 Disease Prevention
Section 14.2 Diagnosis of Disease
Section 14.3 Treatment of Disease
3
Disease Prevention
14.1
Objectives
Content Vocabulary
 Identify disease prevention
technologies.
 pathogen
 pasteurization
 Explain the difference between
pasteurization and irradiation.
 Explain how immunization
works.




irradiation
sanitation
immunization
vaccine
 ergonomics
4
Disease Prevention
14.1
Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic
organizer to
organize and write
down information
as you study.
5
Disease Prevention
14.1
Get Started!
What experiences have with
biotechnology?
6
Link: Genetic Engineering
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/genen
g/geneng3a.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/making_insuli
n.htm
7
Disease Prevention
14.1
Medical Biotechnologies
“Bio” means life.
“Bio” and technology have combined to create a
new field of medical engineering for the future.
8
Disease Prevention
14.1
Disease Prevention
Finding and studying pathogens help the world stay
healthier.
pathogen
organism that
causes disease
9
Disease Prevention
14.1
Pasteurization and Irradiation
Pasteurization and irradiation are two processes
needed to kill pathogens in food.
pasteurization
heat treatment used to destroy
pathogens in food
irradiation
in biotechnology, treating products with
radiation to destroy pathogens
10
Disease Prevention
14.1
Sterilization
In the 1800s, medical procedures and surgeries
were performed with little sterilization.
Today medical procedures require every detail in a
surgical room undergo proper sterilization.
11
Disease Prevention
14.1
Water Treatment
Clean water reduces pathogens and disease.
Some local water treatment facilities add fluoride to
the water to promote healthy teeth.
New technology: Nanotube technology helps purify
water at a microscopic level.
12
Starter Activity-waste water
Time Limit:5min
Students (groups):Log on to the below links or use
the textbooks to differentiate grey water and black
water.
http://dictionary.infoplease.com/black-water
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/grey+water
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/graywater.html
13
Brainstorming:Importance of sanitation
Discussion –answers(Activity)
(Plato –Wall wisher or Board)
Knowledge :What happens if the black water is
released into the environment?
Time Limit:5 min(For answering and Discussion)
14
Disease Prevention
14.1
Sanitation
Public sewage disposes of waste away from homes,
businesses, and public streets. This is an important
function of sanitation.
sanitation
removal of waste products or
contaminants that could
cause disease
15
Sewage Treatment
At sewage treatment plant water is removed from
the waste ,purified and released back into the
environment.
Solid wastes are buried or burned.
16
Video-Sewage treatment
http://www.rcap.org/node/604
17
Disease Prevention
14.1
Hazardous(dangerous) waste
Hazardous wastes from medical facilities require
special treatment to protect people from harmful
organisms and disease.
wastes are buried or burned or treated to make
harmless.
Proper disposal of hazardous waste is also
important to the environment and people’s health.
18
Comprehension
Explain why is sanitation so important?
Time limit:3 minutes
19
Video-Sewage Treatment
Time limit 3 minutes
http://www.rcap.org/node/604
20
Immunization
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infecti
ousdiseases_immunity/immunity4.cfm
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infecti
ousdiseases_immunity/immunity4.cfm?coSiteNavig
ation_allTopic=1
21
Disease Prevention
14.1
Immunization
Children and adults are given immunizations to
help prevent the spread of diseases.
immunization
a process for making the body
resistant to disease, usually
by vaccination
22
Disease Prevention
14.1
Healthier Living
Not all diseases are caused by pathogens. Lack of
exercise, eating junk foods, and unhealthy habits
contribute to poor health.
Choose a healthy lifestyle that includes eating
nutritious foods and exercising.
23
Disease Prevention
14.1
Ergonomics
Comfort is an important
aspect of ergonomic
product design.
ergonomics
the design of equipment and
environments to promote human
safety, health, and well-being;
also called human factors
engineering.
24
Video-Ergonomics
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ergonomics.htm
l
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3z7uYMmaZ0&li
st=PL0731C872B870364C&index=2
25
Vocabulary
Antibody: Protein produced by lymphocytes that attaches to specific
antigen
Lymphocyte: White blood cells that make Antibody to fight off infections
Immune system: The body’s natural defence mechanism against
infectious disease
Vaccine: Medicine that contains a dead or weakened Pathogen. It
stimulates immune system so that vaccinated person has an immunity
against that disease.
26
Section Review questions
Students has to solve section review question in
their notebook.
27
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Objectives
Content Vocabulary
 Define genetic testing.
 Describe imaging technologies.
 Identify tests used to read
electrical impulses of the
human body.





genetic testing
CT scan
ultrasound
MRI
endoscope
28
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic
organizer to
organize and write
down information as
you study.
29
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Get Started!
What do you think are the
characteristics of a good
doctor?
30
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Primary Physician
Getting a physical examination from a doctor
involves checking the heart, lungs, and stomach for
abnormal sounds.
Sometimes blood is also drawn for a variety of tests.
31
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Laboratory Tests
Sometimes people undergo
genetic testing to evaluate
their hereditary health.
genetic testing
evaluation of a person’s genes to
discover if the person is at risk for
a particular disease
32
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Imaging Body Structures
Full-body X-ray scans are becoming more popular
for viewing the all the parts of the body.
33
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Imaging Body Structures
These imaging body
tests include:
CT scan
Ultrasound
CT scan
computerized axial tomography; an X-ray
image enhanced by a computer and
shown on its screen
ultrasound
in medicine, a small, flexible instrument,
having a camera attached, that is
inserted into a patient through an incision
or by some other means
34
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Imaging Body Structures
These imaging body
tests also include:
MRI
Endoscope
Electrocardiogram
(EKG)
Electroencephalogr
aph (EEG)
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging; in
medicine, the use of a magnetic field to
create an image of body structures
endoscope
in medicine, a small, flexible instrument,
having a camera attached, that is
inserted into a patient through an incision
or by some other means
35
Diagnosis of Disease
14.2
Other Screening Methods
Other machines can read electrical impulses
created by the body to produce:
Electrocardiograms (EKG)
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
EKGs show the heart’s electrical impulses. EEGs
show the activity of the brain.
36
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Objectives
Content Vocabulary









Explain how antibiotics work.
Describe three types of surgery.
Define genetic engineering.
Explain the purposes of bionics.
antibiotic
laser surgery
implant
genetic engineering
telemedicine
 bionics
37
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic organizer to organize and write
down information as you study.
38
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Get Started!
Why might overused
antibiotics or medicines
become ineffective over time?
39
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Medicines
Some diseases can be cured with the help of
medicines, like antibiotics, and other treatments.
However, if antibiotics are overused, some diseasecausing germs can become resistant.
antibiotic
a substance that
kills bacteria
40
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Surgical Procedures
Surgery is constantly being upgraded and perfected
with more refined tools and instruments.
41
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Surgical Procedures
Technology has a profound effect on medical
devices. For example, a laser surgery can be
performed instead of a surgery with a scalpel.
laser surgery
surgery done with a laser
beam instead of a scalpel
42
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Electronic Implants
Sometimes people are given implants to correct or
solve medical problems.
implant
an electronic device
inserted into the body
43
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering continues to be a focus of
research at universities and businesses looking to
develop drugs for treating disease.
genetic engineering
altering or combining genetic material in order to
treat a disease or modify body characteristics
44
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Telemedicine
There is long-distance education. Now there is longdistance medicine, known as telemedicine.
telemedicine
using communication technology to transmit
medical information and advice over a distance
45
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Telemedicine
Telemedicine might be helpful if you live in a rural
area and need to be tested by a specialist who is
far away.
46
Treatment of Disease
14.3
Bionics
Medical engineers are developing systems that can
replace human body parts. This area of medicine is
called bionics.
bionics
creating mechanical replacements
for human body parts
47
Chapter
14
Medical Biotechnologies
Review
Content Vocabulary Check
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
pathogen
pasteurization
irradiation
sanitation
immunization
vaccine
pasteurization
immunization
irradiation
sanitation
pathogen
vaccine
In
AHeat
Treating
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medicine,
process
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treatment
products
for
that
aofmaking
preparation
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causes
used
with
the
to
destroy
body
products
radiation
containing
resistant
pathogens
disease
or contaminants
todead
to
destroy
disease,
inorfood
that
usually
weakened
could
pathogens
bycause
vaccination
pathogens
disease
used to stimulate a
person’s immune system
48
Chapter
14
Medical Biotechnologies
Review
Content Vocabulary Check
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
ergonomics
genetic testing
CT scan
ultrasound
MRI
endoscope
genetic
ergonomics
endoscope
ultrasound
CTMRI
scan
testing
The
Evaluation
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49
Chapter
14
Medical Biotechnologies
Review
Content Vocabulary Check
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
antibiotic
laser surgery
implant
genetic engineering
telemedicine
bionics
genetic
laser
telemedicine
antibiotic
implant
bionics
engineering
surgery
Creating
In
InUsing
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medicine,
medicine,
communication
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or surgery
an
combining
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50
Chapter
14
Medical Biotechnologies
Review
Quick Check
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name some disease prevention technologies.
Explain how immunizations work.
Discuss genetic testing.
Explain how antibiotics work.
Explain genetic engineering.
Answers
1. pasteurization, irradiation, sterilization, water treatment, and immunization
2. They use dead or weakened pathogens to make vaccines to stimulate the body’s immune system
and attack the pathogen.
3. DNA is examined to determine if certain genes that make you more likely to get certain diseases
have been passed to you from your parents.
4. An antibiotic can kill bacteria and other germs.
5. Genetic engineering alters and combines the genetic material in DNA to treat a disease or modify
body characteristics.
51
Vocabulary
Antibody: Protein produced by lymphocytes that attaches to specific
antigen
Lymphocyte: White blood cells that make Antibody to fight off infections
Immune system: The body’s natural defence mechanism against
infectious disease
Vaccine: Medicine that contains a dead or weakened Pathogen. It
stimulates immune system so that vaccinated person has an immunity
against that disease.
52
Vaccine: Medicine that contains a dead or weakened Pathogen. It
stimulates immune system so that vaccinated person has an immunity
against that disease.
53
End of
Chapter 14
Medical
Biotechnologies