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_____________________________________________ -Any __________________ LIVING THING or ___________________ PARTICLE that can cause an __________________________. INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTIOUS AGENT -Also known as _________________________. ____________________ An infectious particle made only STRAND OF DNA or of a ________________ RNA ________ surrounded by a ________________ PROTEIN COAT and can only reproduce inside another living cell. Always cause infection on its host cell. ____________________ ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC _________________ microorganisms that reproduce by fission and can cause infection. VIRION: Genetic material surrounded by the capsid. 1. PROTEIN COAT, (CAPSID) 2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE PART VACCINES Use to help prevent organisms from becoming infected by a viruse * Injects dead virus into body * Exposes immune system to virus so it has the ability to recognize the virus and destroy it if it enters the body •Substances made from DEAD OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS __________________________. DISEASE •Introduce a ___________ into BLOODSTREAM the ________________. B-CELLS •Stimulate ___________ into action, Which create ANTIBODIES ________________ and a MEMORY ______________ record of the pathogen. IMMUNITY •Give organisms ____________ to future infections of same PATHOGEN ________________. Bioterror 2 1 3 6 4 5 ANIMATION LYTIC INFECTION LYSOGENIC INFECTION REGARDLESS OF HOW A VIRUS INFECTS, LYTIC INFECTION IT IS ALWAYS INFECTIOUS LYSOGENIC INFECTION COMMON COLD 1. THE _________________________: a. __________ known ‘cold’ viruses’ 200 MUTATE as the move from one host to the next b. _____________ INFLUENZA 2. _________________________: EPIDEMICS a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________ - ____________________ RAPID OUTBREAK of an infection that affects many people Flu of 1918 b. _____________ of US population is infected with flu 20% each year c. Has a high _________________ MUTATION rate of surface MAKING A NEED FOR NEW! proteins on capsids-________________________________ VACCINES EVERY YEAR! __________________________________ d. __________ Only 3 influenza subtypes infect ______________ HUMANS HORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________ PROKARYOTES •They are one of two __________________ (Having NO Nucleus) ____________________________ SINGLE-CELLED •They are _____________________. MATERIAL •They contain GENETIC __________________ MICROSCOPIC (300 could be in a line on the tip of • ____________________: your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses) EVERYWHERE •Found _____________________: (live in water, air, soil, food) SHAPE •Classified by ______________ SINGLE CELLS •Can be found as _______________, _____________, or PAIRS COLONIES _______________ _______________ FISSION •Reproduce by _________________. HELPFUL or HARMFUL •Can be _______________________ COCCI = ROUND ____________________ BACILLI = ROD ____________________ SPIRILLA = SPIRAL ____________________ If conditions were harsh, how would a bacterial cell survive? IT WOULD NEED PROTECTION AGAINST ELEMENTS _________________________________________________________ DNA What would you say is the most important part of the cell? ___________ Chromosome Material Flagellum Cytoplasm cytoplasm •No nucleus (only one m chromosom •Cell Wall •Cell Memb •Some have •Cytoplasm Endospore Cell Membrane Cell Wall Capsule Capsule •Some have A SPECIALIZED CELL WITH A THICK 1. ENDOSPORE: _______________________________________ PROTECTIVE WALL FORMED WHEN CONDITIONS ____________________________________________________ ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR A BACTERIA CELL ___________________________________________________. chromosome a. Bacterium copies its _________________________ wall b. Produces a _____________ around the copy STRUCTURE THAT SURROUNDS CELL TO 2. CAPSULE: ADAPTIVE __________________________________________ PROTECT CELL AND ALLOW FOR IT TO ADHERE TO HOST ____________________________________________________ CAPSULE ___________ FLAGELLA __________ Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out: Whip-like structure: Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material: Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell: ENDOSPORE ___________ CELL MEMBRANE ___________ CAPSULE ___________ Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live:ENDOSPORE __________ Gives the cell a basic shape: __________ CELL WALL CHROMOSOME Contains the traits of the bacteria cell: __________ FLAGELLA Helps bacteria cell to move: __________ Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces: 1. ______________________first destroying bacteria by raising CANNING temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers. 2. _____________________-process of heating milk to kill harmful PASTEURIZTION bacteria. 3. _____________________-slows the growth of food by lowering COOLING/FREEZING their temperature. 4. _____________________-removing the water from foods so DEHYDRATION that bacteria can’t live there. First Defense: Body Coverings _______________________ Cuts in Skin •______________________ Mucous Membranes •______________________ Body Openings •______________________ Second Defense: IMMUNE SYSTEM _______________________ White Blood Cells •______________________ Antibodies •______________________ Interferon •______________________ Third Defense: _______________________ Vaccines
