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Download File - Mrs. R`s Health for PATH
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Infectious Diseases Infectious Disease • Aka Communicable Diseases • Caused by microorganisms • Parasite – lives in/on and feeds on host Pathogens • Pathogens or germ – Micro-organisms – Enter the body – Multiply – Cause disease Bacteria Virus Fungi Tiny Animals Bacteria • Single-cell microorganisms • Release toxins • Ex. – Food poisoning –bacteria in food – Tetanus – bacteria on objects/soil Staph Bacteria Virus • • • • Smallest parasite Enter cells and take over Multiply Cause colds/ flu HIV Fungi • Not all are harmful – Mushroom/ yeast/ mold/ fungi • Some cause rashes – Ringworm & athlete’s foot Spreading Infectious Disease • • • • Physical contact w/ infected person Contact w/ contaminated object Environmental sources Contact w/ contaminated animals Tiny Animals • Tape worm parasite • Round worms Methods of Transmission • Droplet Contact • Also known as the respiratory route, it is a typical mode of transmission among many infectious agents. If an infected person coughs or sneezes on another person, the microorganisms, suspended in warm, moist droplets, may enter the body through the nose, mouth or eye surfaces. Diseases that are commonly spread by coughing or sneezing include (at least): Droplet Transmission (cont.) • • • • • • • • • • Bacterial Meningitis Chickenpox Common cold Influenza Mumps Strep throat Tuberculosis Measles Rubella Whooping cough Fecal – Oral Transmission • Direct contact is rare in this route, for humans at least. More common are the indirect routes; foodstuffs or water become contaminated (by people not washing their hands before preparing food, or untreated sewage being released into a drinking water supply) and the people who eat and drink them become infected. In developing countries most sewage is discharged into the environment or on cropland as of 2006; even in developed countries there are periodic system failures resulting in a sanitary sewer overflow. This is the typical mode of transmission for the infectious agents of (at least): • Cholera • Hepatitis A • Polio • Rotavirus • Salmonella Sexual Transmission • This refers to any disease that can be caught during sexual activity with another person, Transmission is either directly between surfaces in contact during intercourse or from secretions which carry infectious agents that get into the partner's blood stream • Some diseases transmissible by the sexual route include (at least): • HIV/AIDS • Chlamydia • Genital warts • Gonorrhea • Hepatitis B • Syphilis • Herpes Transmission by Direct Contact • Diseases that can be transmitted by direct contact are called contagious . These diseases can also be transmitted by sharing a towel (where the towel is rubbed vigorously on both bodies) or items of clothing in close contact with the body (socks, for example) if they are not washed thoroughly between uses. For this reason, contagious diseases often break out in schools, where towels are shared and personal items of clothing accidentally swapped in the changing rooms. • Some diseases that are transmissible by direct contact include: • Athlete's foot • Impetigo • Syphilis (on rare occasions, if an uninfected person touches a chancre) • Warts Vector Borne Transmission • A vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but that transmits infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. • Examples include mosquitoes, deer ticks, animal bites, etc. rickettsialpox • A bacteria, rickettsia, infects a mite, the mite then infects a human Test Your Knowledge! • Is It Contagious? Contaminated Animals • Animal bites • *Eating bad food* • Rabies/ Malaria/ Bird flu • HIV/ AIDS Contaminated Object • Most infections die quickly when exposed to air • Some can live on objects • Lice Contact w/ Contaminated Person • Skin to skin contact • Sneeze/ cough • Cold/ STI/ flu/ chicken pox Environmental Sources • Food/ water/ soil • Lead poisoning/ food poisoning • Fungi/ mold/ pathogens in water • Old food left out • Contaminated animals Stages of Disease 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Exposure Incubation Period Prodromal Period Acute Stage Recovery Stage Convalescence Immunity Exposure & Incubation • Exposure = contact •Incubation = growth/ maturation •No signs/ symptoms •Pathogen/ parasite grows and multiplies Prodromal Stage • Slight signs & symptoms • Ex: achy/ sore/ tired • Contagious! Acute Stage • Severe symptoms • Most contagious • Most affected Recovery Stage • Signs/ symptoms begin to decrease • Temperature is reduced • Feeling better Covalescence • • • • Infection is gone Still not quite 100% Can relapse Need rest, sleep, healthy diet, antibiotics Immunity • Feel 100% • Body has antibodies • Cannot catch same infection Questions?