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1. Antibiotic- _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Asexual Reproduction- _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Bacteria __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Biotechnology- __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Blue-green Bacteria- ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. Capsule __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 7. Colony- _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 8. Communicable Disease- _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 9. Decomposer-______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. Endospore- __ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 11. Fission - ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 12. Flagellum- _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 13. Virus - __________________________________________________________ 13. Host - _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 14 Interferon - ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 15. Koch’s Postulaters -________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 16. Parasite - __ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 17. Pasteurization -____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 18. Saprophyte- ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 19. Vaccine - ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ -Any __________________ LIVING THING or ___________________ PARTICLE that can cause an __________________________. INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTIOUS AGENT -Also known as _________________________. ____________________ An infectious particle made only of a STRAND OF DNA ________________ RNA or ________ surrounded by a PROTEIN COAT ________________ . ____________________ ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC _________________ microrganisms that can cause infection. Bacteria: 1. _________________________________________ One of the 5 Kingdoms 2. _________________________________________ Known as Monerans 3. _________________________________________ One-celled structure 4. _________________________________________ Lacks a nucleus • However, they do contain nuclear material 5. _________________________________________ 3_________________________________________ Groups of Monerans: 1. _________________________ Round 2. _________________________ Rod 3. _________________________ Spiral MICROSCOPIC •____________________: (300 could be in a line on the tip of your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses) EVERYWHERE •Found _____________________: (live in water, air, soil, food) SHAPE •Classified by ______________ SINGLE CELLS •Can be found as _______________, PAIRS _____________, or _______________ COLONIES •Reproduce by __________________ FISSION Cytoplasm Chromosome Material Flagellum •Nocytoplasm nucleus (only one m chromosom •Cell Wall •Cell Memb •Some have •Cytoplasm Endospore Cell Membrane Cell Wall Capsule Capsule •Some have CAPSULE ___________ FLAGELLA __________ Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out: Whip-like structure: Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material: Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell: ENDOSPORE ___________ CELL MEMBRANE ___________ CAPSULE ___________ Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live:ENDOSPORE __________ Gives the cell a basic shape: __________ CELL WALL CHROMOSOME Contains the traits of the bacteria cell: __________ FLAGELLA Helps bacteria cell to move: __________ Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces: COCCI = BACILLI = SPIRILLA = ROUND ROD SPIRAL Diseases that are passed from one organism to another. ______________________________________________________________ Can be spread in several ways: ______________________________________________________________ Through Air: Bacteria can be transferred through the air by wind, sneeze, or cough Water: Drinking water containing bacteria Sexual Contact: exchange of body fluids including semen, mucus, and blood Insects: Carry bacteria and pass it when they bite or through their feces. •MOISTURE •CERTAIN TEMPERATURE •FOOD •DARKNESS, (MOST) •OXYGEN, (MOST) Parasites 1. ______________________: Feed off of a living host Decomposers 2. Saprophytes/ ______________________: Use dead materials for food Producers 3. ______________________: Contain chlorophyll and make their own food ___________________ Toothbrushes ___________________ Pools and Spas Petting Zoos ___________________ ___________________ Waste Bins/Garbage ___________________ Refrigerators Human Diseases caused by Bacteria: ____________________________________ Strep throat Tuberculosis _________________________________________ __________________________________________ Some types of pneumonia _________________________________________ Gonorrhea Meningitis ________________________________________ Chemicals that ___________ or ________________ the growth KILL SLOW of bacteria Work by stopping bacteria from making ___________________. CELL WALLS Produced naturally by some species of ________________ and BACTERIA _________________. FUNGI The can be used as medicine without damage since animal cells do not have ________________. CELL WALLS Fire Blight Crown Gall Anthrax ??????????????? Steps developed by _____________________ to determine if a disease is caused by a certain microscopic organisms. STEP 1 Bacteria are removed from an infected organism STEP 3 A healthy organism receives the bacteria to see if the bacteria cause infection. STEP 2 Bacteria from the infected organism are grown in a laboratory STEP 4 The organism is compared with the organism from the first host 1. ______________________first destroying bacteria by raising CANNING temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers. 2. _____________________-process of heating milk to kill harmful PASTEURIZTION bacteria. 3. _____________________-slows the growth of food by lowering COOLING/FREEZING their temperature. 4. _____________________-removing the water from foods so DEHYDRATION that bacteria can’t live there. Controlling Bacteria 1. __Antiseptic_______________ - kills bacteria on living things 2. __Disinfectant______________ - kills bacteria on nonliving things 1. They ___________________dead matter, and ____________ ________ decompose break down living things materials for other _________________________________. 2. Live in digestive track of animals and help them break down their food. bacteria in cow stomachs I. E.: ________________________________________ vitamins intestines 3. Live in human ________________ and make ___________________ 4. Help to make many products: linen 1. ________________ rope 2. ________________ 3. ________________ leather 4. ________________ antibiotics texture flavor 5. Foods; (__________________ and __________________) Biotechnologies 6. ___________________; (_______, ________________, and gas detergents insulin _______________) B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, A, & K 1. Manufacture vitamins_____________________ DIGESTION 2. Aid the _______________ process INTESTINAL 3. Clean the ______________ tract MOLDS VIRUSES 4. Destroy ______________, ________________, PARASITES and OTHER _______________. 5. Help to increase the number of ______________________________ IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS TOXINS 6. Protect us from environmental _____________, POLLUTANTS PESTICIDES ______________ and __________________. More recently, bacteria have been used to benefit the _____________________. ENVIRONMENT BIOREMEDIATION _________________________: a process that uses microbes and other living things to break down pollutants. 1. Clean up __________________ by OILSPILLS digesting organic matter. 2. Break down __________________ WASTE / TRASH BIODEGRADABLE materials, (__________________: The ability of bacteria to ___________________________ break down a material ___________________________) water 3. Purify ___________________ for reuse. 1. Same characteristics of bacteria except they have _chlorophyll__ and can _make food__________________. 2. Usually have blue-green pigment, but can have _red_____, __black_____, __brown_________, or _purple_______ pigment. 3. Live in _ponds, lakes, soil and pools_. 4. Because they ___make their own food_____________, they produce ____oxygen____________ as a waste product. 5. Recycle __nitrogen_____________ and serve as ___food________ for animals. 6. If they overproduce, they can kill off other aquatic life by ____using up the oxygen________________________________ That there are more helpful bacteria than harmful bacteria? Did you know that there are more bacteria in your digestive system than there are cells that compose your body? VIROIDS 1. ____________________-infectious particles that cause disease in plants PRIONS 2. ____________________infectious particles made only of proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly Genetic material a. Do not have _______________________ Brain b. Play a part in certain disease in the _________________ incubate c. Can ______________ for years, but once symptoms fatal appear, prions are always ________________ because the body has no immune response against a ______________. protein LIVING NONLIVING 1. Neither ______________ Nor __________________ MICROSCOPIC (can only be seen with an ____________ ELECTRON 2. ______________, microscope) HOW BIG? CELLS and have NO ________ CELL _______ PARTS 3. Not made up of __________ COAT 4. Made of a ______________ _________ CHROMOSOME-LIKE part surrounded by a PROTEIN GROW RESPOND to changes in environment 5. Do not __________ or __________ LIVING THINGS 6. Able to REPRODUCE _______________, ONLY inside _________________ KINGDOM 7. Not a _______________, (very hard to classify but grouped by) TYPE OF CELL THEY INFECT 1. ________________________ SHAPE OF PROTEIN COAT 2. ________________________ OF VIRUS 3. SIZE ________________________ What are viruses (Discovery) VIRUSES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES ENVELOPED 1. __________________: DNA material enclosed within lipid envelope. Often have spikes HELICAL 2. ________________: Long, narrow, coiled shape helix. POLYHEDRAL 3. _________________: Many sided viruses 1. PROTEIN COAT 2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE PART 2 1 3 6 4 5 1. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________ _______________________________________ 3. ________________________________________ _______________________________________ 4. ________________________________________ _______________________________________ 5. ________________________________________ _______________________________________ 6. ________________________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________________ Viruses are spread by insects, air, water, food, and other organisms. Rabies-dogs Foot and Mouth-cattle Newcastle diseasechickens Distemper-dogs Cowpox-cows Feline leukemia-cats Common Cold Flu German Measles Mumps Measles Chickenpox Mononucleosis Cold sores Hepatitis Polio Smallpox Herpes/Warts Aids Mosaic disease-tobacco Bushy stunt-tomato Maize dwarf mosaic Mosaic disease-alfalfa Curly top-sugar beet Dwarfism-rice COMMON COLD 1. THE _________________________: a. __________ known ‘cold’ viruses’ 200 MUTATE as the move from one host to the next b. _____________ INFLUENZA 2. _________________________: EPIDEMICS a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________ - ____________________ RAPID OUTBREAK of an infection that affects many people Flu of 1918 b. _____________ of US population is infected with flu 20% each year c. Has a high _________________ MUTATION rate of surface MAKING A NEED FOR NEW! proteins on capsids-________________________________ VACCINES EVERY YEAR! __________________________________ d. __________ Only 3 influenza subtypes infect ______________ HUMANS HORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________ 1. Reduce carrier organisms such as ________________________________________________________________ mosquitoes, fleas, ticks ________________________________________________________________ 2. Cover your mouth or nose when you ________________________________________________________________ sneeze or cough. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Wash your hands frequently, especially ________________________________________________________________ after going to the bathroom or preparing ________________________________________________________________ food. ________________________________________________________________ 4. Avoid contact with the bodily fluids of ________________________________________________________________ others. ________________________________________________________________ 1. White Blood Cells: Special white blood cells that can surround and destroy a virus. __________________ _______________________________________________ 2. Antibodies: made by specialized white blood cells __________________ •Chemicals _______________________________________________ •Help destroy viruses and harmful bacterium _______________________________________________ •May be destroyed directly by antibody OR may be held captive _______________________________________________ until white blood cells can surround and destroy it _______________________________________________ 3. Interferon: •Chemical substance that interferes with the way viruses _______________________________________________ reproduce. _______________________________________________ •Warning system to other cells _______________________________________________ 4. Vaccines: •Substances made from weakened or dead viruses. __________________ _______________________________________________\ Vaccines (Discovery) __________________ Bioterror _______________________________________________ Macrophage ___________: White blood cells that can surround and eat destroy, “_____” a pathogen. B-Cells ___________: White Blood Cells that “Remember” antigen and produce antibodies _____________ •Chemicals made by specialized WHITE BLOOD CELLS ____________________ DESTROY •Help ____________ viruses and harmful bacterium •May be ____________________ DESTROYED BY ANTIBODIES ____________ OR may be held captive until macrophage _______________ can surround and destroy it •Substances made from DEAD OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS __________________________. DISEASE •Introduce a ___________ into BLOODSTREAM the ________________. B-CELLS •Stimulate ___________ into action, Which create ANTIBODIES ________________ and a MEMORY ______________ record of the pathogen. IMMUNITY •Give organisms ____________ to future infections of same PATHOGEN ________________. Bioterror