Download What are viruses

1. Antibiotic- _________________________________________________________
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2. Asexual Reproduction- _____________________________________________
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3. Bacteria __________________________________________________________
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4. Biotechnology- __________________________________________________
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5. Blue-green Bacteria- ________________________________________________
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6. Capsule __________________________________________________________
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7. Colony- _________________________________________________________
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8. Communicable Disease- _____________________________________________
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9. Decomposer-______________________________________________________
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10. Endospore- __ __________________________________________________
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11. Fission - ________________________________________________________
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12. Flagellum- _______________________________________________________
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13. Virus - __________________________________________________________
13. Host - _________________________________________________________
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14 Interferon - ______________________________________________________
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15. Koch’s Postulaters -________________________________________________
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16. Parasite - __ __________________________________________________
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17. Pasteurization -____________________________________________________
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18. Saprophyte- ______________________________________________________
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19. Vaccine - ______________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________
-Any __________________
LIVING THING
or ___________________
PARTICLE
that can cause an __________________________.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
INFECTIOUS AGENT
-Also known as _________________________.
____________________
An infectious
particle made only
of a
STRAND OF DNA
________________
RNA
or ________
surrounded by a
PROTEIN COAT
________________
.
____________________
ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC
_________________
microrganisms that
can cause infection.
Bacteria:
1. _________________________________________
One of the 5 Kingdoms
2. _________________________________________
Known as Monerans
3. _________________________________________
One-celled structure
4. _________________________________________
Lacks a nucleus
• However, they do contain nuclear material
5. _________________________________________
3_________________________________________
Groups of Monerans:
1. _________________________
Round
2. _________________________
Rod
3. _________________________
Spiral
MICROSCOPIC
•____________________:
(300 could
be in a line on the tip of your pencil,
but they’re still larger than viruses)
EVERYWHERE
•Found _____________________:
(live in water, air, soil, food)
SHAPE
•Classified by ______________
SINGLE CELLS
•Can be found as _______________,
PAIRS
_____________,
or _______________
COLONIES
•Reproduce by __________________
FISSION
Cytoplasm
Chromosome Material
Flagellum
•Nocytoplasm
nucleus
(only one m
chromosom
•Cell Wall
•Cell Memb
•Some have
•Cytoplasm
Endospore
Cell
Membrane
Cell Wall
Capsule
Capsule
•Some
have
CAPSULE
___________
FLAGELLA
__________
Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out:
Whip-like structure:
Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material:
Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell:
ENDOSPORE
___________
CELL
MEMBRANE
___________
CAPSULE
___________
Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live:ENDOSPORE
__________
Gives the cell a basic shape:
__________
CELL
WALL
CHROMOSOME
Contains the traits of the bacteria cell:
__________
FLAGELLA
Helps bacteria cell to move:
__________
Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces:
COCCI =
BACILLI =
SPIRILLA =
ROUND
ROD
SPIRAL
Diseases that are passed from one organism to another.
______________________________________________________________
Can be spread in several ways:
______________________________________________________________
Through Air: Bacteria can be transferred through
the air by wind, sneeze, or cough
Water: Drinking water containing bacteria
Sexual Contact: exchange of body fluids including
semen, mucus, and blood
Insects: Carry bacteria and pass it when they bite
or through their feces.
•MOISTURE
•CERTAIN TEMPERATURE
•FOOD
•DARKNESS, (MOST)
•OXYGEN, (MOST)
Parasites
1. ______________________:
Feed off of a living host
Decomposers
2. Saprophytes/
______________________:
Use dead materials for
food
Producers
3. ______________________:
Contain chlorophyll and
make their own food
___________________
Toothbrushes
___________________
Pools and Spas
Petting Zoos
___________________
___________________
Waste Bins/Garbage
___________________
Refrigerators
Human Diseases
caused by Bacteria:
____________________________________
Strep throat
Tuberculosis
_________________________________________
__________________________________________
Some types of pneumonia
_________________________________________
Gonorrhea
Meningitis
________________________________________
Chemicals that ___________
or ________________
the growth
KILL
SLOW
of bacteria
Work by stopping bacteria from making ___________________.
CELL WALLS
Produced naturally by some species of ________________
and
BACTERIA
_________________.
FUNGI
The can be used as medicine without damage since
animal cells do not have ________________.
CELL WALLS
Fire Blight
Crown Gall
Anthrax
???????????????
Steps developed by _____________________ to determine if a
disease is caused by a certain microscopic organisms.
STEP 1
Bacteria are
removed from an
infected organism
STEP 3
A healthy organism receives
the bacteria to see if the
bacteria cause infection.
STEP 2
Bacteria from the
infected organism are
grown in a laboratory
STEP 4
The organism is compared
with the organism from the
first host
1. ______________________first destroying bacteria by raising
CANNING
temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers.
2. _____________________-process
of heating milk to kill harmful
PASTEURIZTION
bacteria.
3. _____________________-slows
the growth of food by lowering
COOLING/FREEZING
their temperature.
4. _____________________-removing
the water from foods so
DEHYDRATION
that bacteria can’t live there.
Controlling Bacteria
1. __Antiseptic_______________ - kills bacteria on living things
2. __Disinfectant______________ - kills bacteria on nonliving
things
1. They ___________________dead
matter, and ____________
________
decompose
break
down
living things
materials for other _________________________________.
2. Live in digestive track of animals and help them break down their food.
bacteria in cow stomachs
I. E.: ________________________________________
vitamins
intestines
3. Live in human ________________
and make ___________________
4. Help to make many products:
linen
1. ________________
rope
2. ________________
3. ________________
leather
4. ________________
antibiotics
texture
flavor
5. Foods; (__________________
and __________________)
Biotechnologies
6. ___________________;
(_______,
________________,
and
gas
detergents
insulin
_______________)
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, A, & K
1. Manufacture vitamins_____________________
DIGESTION
2. Aid the _______________
process
INTESTINAL
3. Clean the ______________
tract
MOLDS
VIRUSES
4. Destroy ______________,
________________,
PARASITES
and OTHER
_______________.
5. Help to increase the number of
______________________________
IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS
TOXINS
6. Protect us from environmental _____________,
POLLUTANTS
PESTICIDES
______________
and __________________.
More recently, bacteria have been used to benefit the _____________________.
ENVIRONMENT
BIOREMEDIATION
_________________________:
a process that uses microbes and
other living things to break down pollutants.
1. Clean up __________________
by
OILSPILLS
digesting organic matter.
2. Break down __________________
WASTE / TRASH
BIODEGRADABLE
materials, (__________________:
The ability of bacteria to
___________________________
break down a material
___________________________)
water
3. Purify ___________________
for
reuse.
1. Same characteristics of bacteria except they have
_chlorophyll__ and can _make food__________________.
2. Usually have blue-green pigment, but can have _red_____,
__black_____, __brown_________, or _purple_______
pigment.
3. Live in _ponds, lakes, soil and pools_.
4. Because they ___make their own food_____________, they
produce ____oxygen____________ as a waste product.
5. Recycle __nitrogen_____________ and serve as
___food________ for animals.
6. If they overproduce, they can kill off other aquatic life by
____using up the oxygen________________________________
That there are more helpful bacteria than harmful bacteria?
Did you know that there are more bacteria in
your digestive system than there are cells that
compose your body?
VIROIDS
1. ____________________-infectious
particles that cause disease
in plants
PRIONS
2. ____________________infectious particles made only of
proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly
Genetic material
a. Do not have _______________________
Brain
b. Play a part in certain disease in the _________________
incubate
c. Can ______________
for years, but once symptoms
fatal
appear, prions are always ________________
because the
body has no immune response against a ______________.
protein
LIVING
NONLIVING
1. Neither ______________
Nor __________________
MICROSCOPIC (can only be seen with an ____________
ELECTRON
2. ______________,
microscope)
HOW BIG?
CELLS and have NO ________
CELL _______
PARTS
3. Not made up of __________
COAT
4. Made of a ______________
_________
CHROMOSOME-LIKE part surrounded by a PROTEIN
GROW
RESPOND to changes in environment
5. Do not __________
or __________
LIVING THINGS
6. Able to REPRODUCE
_______________, ONLY inside _________________
KINGDOM
7. Not a _______________,
(very hard to classify but grouped by)
TYPE OF CELL THEY INFECT
1. ________________________
SHAPE OF PROTEIN COAT
2. ________________________
OF VIRUS
3. SIZE
________________________
What are viruses (Discovery)
VIRUSES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES
ENVELOPED
1. __________________:
DNA
material enclosed within
lipid envelope. Often have
spikes
HELICAL
2. ________________:
Long,
narrow, coiled shape helix.
POLYHEDRAL
3. _________________:
Many
sided viruses
1. PROTEIN COAT
2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE
PART
2
1
3
6
4
5
1. ________________________________________
________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
_______________________________________
3. ________________________________________
_______________________________________
4. ________________________________________
_______________________________________
5. ________________________________________
_______________________________________
6. ________________________________________
_______________________________________
______________________________________________
Viruses are spread by insects, air, water,
food, and other organisms.
Rabies-dogs
Foot and Mouth-cattle
Newcastle diseasechickens
Distemper-dogs
Cowpox-cows
Feline leukemia-cats
Common Cold
Flu
German Measles
Mumps
Measles
Chickenpox
Mononucleosis
Cold sores
Hepatitis
Polio
Smallpox
Herpes/Warts
Aids
Mosaic disease-tobacco
Bushy stunt-tomato
Maize dwarf mosaic
Mosaic disease-alfalfa
Curly top-sugar beet
Dwarfism-rice
COMMON COLD
1. THE
_________________________:
a. __________
known ‘cold’ viruses’
200
MUTATE as the move from one host to the next
b. _____________
INFLUENZA
2. _________________________:
EPIDEMICS
a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________
- ____________________
RAPID OUTBREAK of an infection that
affects many people
Flu of
1918
b. _____________
of US population is infected with flu
20%
each year
c. Has a high _________________
MUTATION
rate of surface
MAKING A NEED FOR NEW!
proteins on capsids-________________________________
VACCINES
EVERY YEAR!
__________________________________
d. __________
Only 3 influenza subtypes infect ______________
HUMANS
HORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS
e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________
1. Reduce carrier organisms such as
________________________________________________________________
mosquitoes, fleas, ticks
________________________________________________________________
2. Cover your mouth or nose when you
________________________________________________________________
sneeze or cough.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Wash your hands frequently, especially
________________________________________________________________
after going to the bathroom or preparing
________________________________________________________________
food.
________________________________________________________________
4. Avoid contact with the bodily fluids of
________________________________________________________________
others.
________________________________________________________________
1.
White Blood Cells: Special
white blood cells that can surround and destroy a virus.
__________________
_______________________________________________
2. Antibodies:
made by specialized white blood cells
__________________ •Chemicals
_______________________________________________
•Help
destroy viruses and harmful bacterium
_______________________________________________
•May
be destroyed directly by antibody OR may be held captive
_______________________________________________
until
white blood cells can surround and destroy it
_______________________________________________
3. Interferon:
•Chemical
substance that interferes with the way viruses
_______________________________________________
reproduce.
_______________________________________________
•Warning
system to other cells
_______________________________________________
4.
Vaccines:
•Substances
made from weakened or dead viruses.
__________________
_______________________________________________\
Vaccines (Discovery)
__________________
Bioterror
_______________________________________________
Macrophage
___________:
White blood cells
that can
surround and
eat
destroy, “_____”
a pathogen.
B-Cells
___________:
White Blood
Cells that
“Remember”
antigen and
produce
antibodies
_____________
•Chemicals made by
specialized
WHITE
BLOOD CELLS
____________________
DESTROY
•Help ____________
viruses and harmful
bacterium
•May be
____________________
DESTROYED BY
ANTIBODIES
____________
OR may
be held captive until
macrophage
_______________
can
surround and destroy it
•Substances made from
DEAD
OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS
__________________________.
DISEASE
•Introduce a ___________
into
BLOODSTREAM
the ________________.
B-CELLS
•Stimulate ___________
into
action, Which create
ANTIBODIES
________________
and a
MEMORY
______________
record of the
pathogen.
IMMUNITY
•Give organisms ____________
to future infections of same
PATHOGEN
________________.
Bioterror