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Download Canine Vaccines - Locust Trace Veterinary Assistant Program
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Canine Vaccines Unit 5 http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=ipVO3ZnrzWk Preventative Health Programs Yearly evaluations • Include: behavior, nutrition, dental care, • heartworm and intestinal parasite checks Vaccines: Why? Patient Risk Evaluation Each patient has different needs Lifestyle: • Indoors • Outdoors • Travel • Board • Shows Core Vaccines VS. Non-Core Vaccines Core Vaccines: Non-Core Vaccines: • Basic vaccines • Nationally recognized • Lifestyle based Core Canine Vaccines Distemper Parvovirus Adenovirus 2 Rabies Canine Distemper: Overview Questionable Vaccine History (ie: pet store or puppy mill dogs) Affects nervous system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8io1 S2R7Qg Canine Distemper: Symptoms • Gooey eye and nose discharge • Fever (which often comes and goes unnoticed) • Poor appetite • Coughing and the development of pneumonia • Vomiting and diarrhea • Callusing of the nose and foot pads • Seizures Canine Distemper: Transmission and Diagnosis Exposure to extremely fresh body secretions- less than 30 minutes old Distemper inclusion bodies seen on a differential Canine Distemper: Treatment and Prognosis Supportive care More than half the dogs die within the first two weeks Euthanasia If recover- neurological deficits Canine Distemper: Vaccination Given between 6-8 weeks Repeated every 3 weeks Until 16 weeks of age Booster given at 1 year Booster given at 2 years Booster given every 3 years thereafter Parvovirus Highly contagious Bloody diarrhea Usually seen in puppies under 6 months of age Parvovirus: Symptoms Parvovirus enteritis- severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea Fever Low white blood cell count Secondary bacterial infections Shock Parvovirus: the Virus Spread thru feces Virus can live on fomites for 5 months or longer Incubation time 7-14 days Virus can be shed before clinical signs Virus can be shed 1-2 weeks after illness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7grb kmzaVf8 Parvovirus: Diagnosis Idexx Parvo snap test CBC and Blood chemistry panels Parvovirus: Treatment Supportive care Isolation • I.V. Fluids • I.V. Antibiotics • Anti-vomiting drugs • N.P.O Parvovirus: Prognosis With immediate treatment- excellent prognosis Without immediate treatmentpoor/guarded prognosis, death Dependent on animal’s immune system and degree of illness Parvovirus: Vaccination Vaccine given at 6 weeks of age • Repeat every 3 weeks until the puppy • • reaches at least 16 weeks of age Booster is given at 1 year and 2 years Then given every 3 years Adenovirus 2 Causes respiratory and enteric disease Major cause of infectious tracheobronchitis aka: kennel cough Lessens chance of secondary infections Adenovirus 2- Symptoms Dry hacking cough Retching Bringing up white foam Inflammation of trachea and bronchi Nasal discharge Adenovirus-2: Diagnosis/Prognosis Viral culture, not very sensitive Recovery- excellent Adenovirus-2: Vaccination Given between 6-8 weeks of age • Repeated every 3 weeks until at least 16 • • weeks of age Booster given at 1 and 2 years Then booster given every 3 years Canine Rabies Fatal Zoonotic potential Public health education Not common due to vaccination By law: dogs must be vaccinated In Kentucky: Carried in bats and skunks Canine Rabies: Disease and Transmission Incurable Effects the nervous system Spread from saliva from infected animal (can include skunks, bats, raccoons etc) Canine Rabies: Symptoms and Diagnosis Three stages of symptoms: Euthanasia- direct fluorescent antibody test (dFA) on the brain tissue • Nervous and withdrawn • Aggressive • Paralysis, inability to swallow Canine Rabies: Vaccination Given at 12 weeks of age • Repeated at 1 year • Then given every 3 years thereafter Non-Core Vaccines Bordetella aka “Kennel Cough” Leptospira aka “Lepto” Borrelia Burgdorferi aka “Lyme” Bordetella: Kennel Cough Rarely causes life threatening disease Kennel cough syndrome Easily treatable High dog traffic areas- such as boarding kennels, dog shows, etc. Bordetella: Symptoms Dry hacking cough Watery discharge from nose Recent history of boarding the dog YouTube - Dixon has kennel cough Bordetella: Treatment Antitussive for cough +/- antibiotics to treat any signs of a secondary infection Bordetella: Vaccination Intranasal or injectable given at 12 weeks of age Booster given 3 weeks later Booster given yearly If at high risk, can be given up to every 6 months Parainfluenza: Highly contagious virus that produces mild upper respiratory infections Commonly associated with bordetella, and adenovirus-2, causing “kennel cough” Parainfluenza: Diagnosis Based on clinical signs Parainfluenza: Treatment Antitussive for cough +/- antibiotics to treat any signs of a secondary infection Leptospira: “lepto” Zoonotic potential Bacteria Passed thru the infected animals urine Life threatening disease Contracted from drinking infected water, soil, or urine- bacteria can live for weeks to months Enters body thru mucus membranes, cuts/abrasions, or from drinking infected water Leptospira: Symptoms Fever Depression Loss of appetite Joint pain Excessive drinking Jaundice Low platelet count-bleeding Kidney failure Leptospira: Diagnosis Blood test to detect antibodies 2nd blood test run 2-4 weeks later PCR test- but is not currently available Difficult to test Urine sample- difficult to detect Kidney biopsy-very invasive Leptospira: Treatment Penicillin Tetracycline- clear up infection in the kidneys But can’t be given at the same time! Supportive care- I.V. Fluids to flush kidneys and keep hydrated Blood work- kidney values/platelet count Leptospira: Prognosis Life threatening Can cause permanent kidney damage Leptospira: Vaccination Can cause side effects: hives, facial swelling, anaphylactic reactions Not 100% protection, may lessen severity of the infection Given at 12 weeks, 2nd booster given 3 weeks later Given once a year thereafter Borrelia Burgdorferi: Lyme Bacteria spread from deer ticks to dogs Spirochete borrelia Tick must be on dog for 48 hours for bacteria to transfer Lyme: Symptoms Joint pain Fever Poor appetite- anorexic Shifting lameness Swollen lymph nodes Lyme nephritis- kidney failure Lyme: Diagnosis Clinical symptoms Blood test- snap test- heska 3dx test In house- 5-10 min. for results, but only a positive or a negative Must then run Idexx C6 antibody test, results above 30 treat, then retest in 6 months Lyme: Treatment Doxycycline- long-term NSAIDs for joint symptoms Lyme: Vaccination Given at 12 weeks 2nd booster given 3 weeks later Given yearly thereafter