Download Canine Vaccines - Locust Trace Veterinary Assistant Program

Canine Vaccines
Unit 5
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=ipVO3ZnrzWk
Preventative Health Programs

Yearly evaluations
• Include: behavior, nutrition, dental care,
•
heartworm and intestinal parasite checks
Vaccines: Why?
Patient Risk Evaluation
Each patient has different needs
 Lifestyle:
• Indoors
• Outdoors
• Travel
• Board
• Shows
Core Vaccines
VS.
Non-Core Vaccines

Core Vaccines:

Non-Core Vaccines:
• Basic vaccines
• Nationally recognized
• Lifestyle based
Core Canine Vaccines
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Distemper
Parvovirus
Adenovirus 2
Rabies
Canine Distemper: Overview
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Questionable Vaccine History (ie: pet
store or puppy mill dogs)
Affects nervous system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8io1
S2R7Qg
Canine Distemper: Symptoms
• Gooey eye and nose discharge
• Fever (which often comes and goes unnoticed)
• Poor appetite
• Coughing and the development of pneumonia
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Callusing of the nose and foot pads
• Seizures
Canine Distemper: Transmission
and Diagnosis

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Exposure to extremely fresh body
secretions- less than 30 minutes old
Distemper inclusion bodies seen on a
differential
Canine Distemper: Treatment
and Prognosis

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Supportive care
More than half the dogs die within the
first two weeks
Euthanasia
If recover- neurological deficits
Canine Distemper: Vaccination

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Given between 6-8 weeks
Repeated every 3 weeks
Until 16 weeks of age
Booster given at 1 year
Booster given at 2 years
Booster given every 3 years thereafter
Parvovirus

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Highly contagious
Bloody diarrhea
Usually seen in puppies under 6 months
of age
Parvovirus: Symptoms
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Parvovirus enteritis- severe vomiting and
bloody diarrhea
Fever
Low white blood cell count
Secondary bacterial infections
Shock
Parvovirus: the Virus

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Spread thru feces
Virus can live on fomites for 5 months or
longer
Incubation time 7-14 days
Virus can be shed before clinical signs
Virus can be shed 1-2 weeks after illness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7grb
kmzaVf8
Parvovirus: Diagnosis


Idexx Parvo snap test
CBC and Blood chemistry panels
Parvovirus: Treatment

Supportive care

Isolation
• I.V. Fluids
• I.V. Antibiotics
• Anti-vomiting drugs
• N.P.O
Parvovirus: Prognosis

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With immediate treatment- excellent
prognosis
Without immediate treatmentpoor/guarded prognosis, death
Dependent on animal’s immune system
and degree of illness
Parvovirus: Vaccination

Vaccine given at 6 weeks of age
• Repeat every 3 weeks until the puppy
•
•
reaches at least 16 weeks of age
Booster is given at 1 year and 2 years
Then given every
3 years
Adenovirus 2



Causes respiratory and enteric disease
Major cause of infectious
tracheobronchitis aka: kennel cough
Lessens chance of secondary infections
Adenovirus 2- Symptoms
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Dry hacking cough
Retching
Bringing up white foam
Inflammation of trachea and bronchi
Nasal discharge
Adenovirus-2:
Diagnosis/Prognosis

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Viral culture, not very sensitive
Recovery- excellent
Adenovirus-2: Vaccination

Given between 6-8 weeks of age
• Repeated every 3 weeks until at least 16
•
•
weeks of age
Booster given at 1 and 2 years
Then booster given every 3 years
Canine Rabies

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Fatal
Zoonotic potential
Public health education
Not common due to vaccination
By law: dogs must be vaccinated
In Kentucky: Carried in bats and skunks
Canine Rabies: Disease and
Transmission

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Incurable
Effects the nervous system
Spread from saliva from infected animal
(can include skunks, bats, raccoons etc)
Canine Rabies: Symptoms and
Diagnosis

Three stages of symptoms:

Euthanasia- direct fluorescent
antibody test (dFA) on the brain tissue
• Nervous and withdrawn
• Aggressive
• Paralysis, inability to swallow
Canine Rabies: Vaccination

Given at 12 weeks of age
• Repeated at 1 year
• Then given every 3 years thereafter
Non-Core Vaccines
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Bordetella aka “Kennel Cough”
Leptospira aka “Lepto”
Borrelia Burgdorferi aka “Lyme”
Bordetella: Kennel Cough
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Rarely causes life threatening disease
Kennel cough syndrome
Easily treatable
High dog traffic areas- such as boarding
kennels, dog shows, etc.
Bordetella: Symptoms

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Dry hacking cough
Watery discharge from nose
Recent history of boarding the dog
YouTube - Dixon has kennel cough
Bordetella: Treatment

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Antitussive for cough
+/- antibiotics to treat any signs of a
secondary infection
Bordetella: Vaccination
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Intranasal or injectable
given at 12 weeks of age
Booster given 3 weeks later
Booster given yearly
If at high risk, can be given up to every 6
months
Parainfluenza:


Highly contagious virus that produces
mild upper respiratory infections
Commonly associated with bordetella,
and adenovirus-2, causing “kennel
cough”
Parainfluenza: Diagnosis

Based on clinical signs
Parainfluenza: Treatment

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Antitussive for cough
+/- antibiotics to treat any signs of a
secondary infection
Leptospira: “lepto”
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Zoonotic potential
Bacteria
Passed thru the infected animals urine
Life threatening disease
Contracted from drinking infected water, soil,
or urine- bacteria can live for weeks to months
Enters body thru mucus membranes,
cuts/abrasions, or from drinking infected water
Leptospira: Symptoms
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Fever
Depression
Loss of appetite
Joint pain
Excessive drinking
Jaundice
Low platelet count-bleeding
Kidney failure
Leptospira: Diagnosis

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Blood test to detect antibodies
2nd blood test run 2-4 weeks later
PCR test- but is not currently available
Difficult to test
Urine sample- difficult to detect
Kidney biopsy-very invasive
Leptospira: Treatment
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Penicillin
Tetracycline- clear up infection in the
kidneys
But can’t be given at the same time!
Supportive care- I.V. Fluids to flush
kidneys and keep hydrated
Blood work- kidney values/platelet count
Leptospira: Prognosis

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Life threatening
Can cause permanent kidney damage
Leptospira: Vaccination

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Can cause side effects: hives, facial
swelling, anaphylactic reactions
Not 100% protection, may lessen
severity of the infection
Given at 12 weeks, 2nd booster given 3
weeks later
Given once a year thereafter
Borrelia Burgdorferi: Lyme
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Bacteria spread from deer ticks to dogs
Spirochete borrelia
Tick must be on dog for 48 hours for
bacteria to transfer
Lyme: Symptoms
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Joint pain
Fever
Poor appetite- anorexic
Shifting lameness
Swollen lymph nodes
Lyme nephritis- kidney failure
Lyme: Diagnosis
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Clinical symptoms
Blood test- snap test- heska 3dx test
In house- 5-10 min. for results, but only a
positive or a negative
Must then run Idexx C6 antibody test,
results above 30 treat, then retest in 6
months
Lyme: Treatment
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Doxycycline- long-term
NSAIDs for joint symptoms
Lyme: Vaccination
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Given at 12 weeks
2nd booster given 3 weeks later
Given yearly thereafter