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Methods used to control the spread of infection Precautions AKA: “Universal” precautions Used to break the chain of infection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 1 Standard Precautions Used on ALL patients Includes: – Hand washing – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Gloves Gowns Masks and eye protection – – – – – Needle stick safety Sharps Spills and splashes Resuscitation devices Waste and linen disposal – Injuries 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 2 PPE Use when there is risk of contact with any blood or body fluid – Secretion – Excretion – Mucous membrane – Non-intact skin – Tissue specimen 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 3 Standard Precautions Hand washing 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 4 Standard Precautions Personal protection equipment (PPE) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 5 Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Gloves 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 6 Standard Precautions Gowns 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 7 Standard Precautions Masks and eye protection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 8 Standard Precautions Needlestick safety 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 9 Standard Precautions Sharps 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 10 Standard Precautions Spills and splashes 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 11 Standard Precautions Resuscitation devices 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 12 Standard Precautions Waste and linen disposal 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 13 Standard Precautions Injuries 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 14 Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Blood = human blood, blood components, blood products Bloodborne pathogens = disease causing organisms in blood Examples: – (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 15 Bloodborne Pathogen Standard In an emergency, you may not be able to identify body fluids or tell whether they contain blood, treat all body fluids as potentially infectious. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 16 Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Applies to all occupational exposure of blood or other potentially infectious material. Always remember safety when using equipment/supplies 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 17 Be Aware Never re-cap needles Use sharp containers Use resuscitation devices Reduce exposure to BBP by using PPE 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 18 Methods used to control the spread of infection Tuberculosis Standard OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally transmitted/acquired TB Requires FIT tested and training in the use of specific respiratory PPE PPD skin test annually 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 19 Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Standard Precautions PLUS Airborne Precautions Contact Precautions Droplet Precautions 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 20 Extended Infection Control Precautions Transmission based precautions – Additional precautions used with patients infected with pathogens that are spread via: airborne transmission droplet transmission direct contact – Requires isolation 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 21 Airborne precautions – Pt’s door must be close – pathogens are transmitted by airborne droplets – suspend in air or on dust particles – prevents the spread of illnesses such as measles (rubella) , chicken pox (varicella), TB (tuberculosis), and shingles (Herpes Zoster) – Specific PPEs– HEPA respirators are required for HCP HCP must be fit tested for a Hiigh Efficiency Particulate Respirator (HEPA) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 22 Contact precautions – Anything that comes in contact with pt is contaminated Indirect/direct – Pt must be in private room – Needed for diseases that can be easily transmitted – Diapered or incontinent pts with intestinal infections 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 23 Contact precautions – Helps prevent spread of GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections – Specific PPEs gloves gowns 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 24 Droplet precautions – Most infection occurs within 3ft of pt – Droplets are heavy and usually fall to floor within 3 ft range – Droplets come from Coughing, sneezing, talking and laughing 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 25 Droplet precautions – Helps prevent the spread of bacterial and viral flu, meningitis, pneumonia, sinsusitis, otitis media, diptheria, pertussis, adenoviruses, mumps – Specific PPEs Mask/face shield if working within 3 ft of patient 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 26 Protective or reverse precautions – Used to protect pt – Example: Compromised immune system Cancer AIDS 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 27 All Precautions Limit use of non-critical care equipment to single pt Wash hands before and after care Bag linen to prevent contamination to self, environment, or outside of bag Double bag and discard infectious trash Limit transport of pt Follow PPE for pt illness 2.02 Understand infection control procedures 28