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Circulatory System
Chapter 6 – Page 186
Circulatory System contains:
The heart
 Two closed circuits:
- pulmonary circuit
- systemic circuit
 Blood vessels
 Blood within our body

What is the Heart?
The heart is a hollow muscular structure
made of up cardiac muscle
 Is about the size of a clenched fist
 It’s located in the centre of the chest,
behind your sternum (slightly to the LHS).

HEART = PUMP
Functions of the Heart
 Circulate
blood to all parts
 Transport water, oxygen, nutrients
to cells
 Transport waste away from cells
 Helps maintain correct body temp
(Homeostasis)
 Helps fight disease
Anatomy of the heart
Anatomy of the heart
Anatomy

There are 4 chambers to the heart, they consist
of:
Atrium's – The 2 upper chambers
of the heart.
 2 Ventricles – The 2 lower chambers
of the heart.
2
Heart Anatomy

Septum - Space that divides these
chambers into two pumps
The

The Right Pump
Left
Pump
Heart anatomy – 2 pumps






Left pump = left atrium and left ventricle
Pumps oxygen-rich blood for the body
Red
Right pump = right atrium and right ventricle
Pumps carbon-dioxide-rich blood which goes to
the lungs for removal of carbon dioxide
Blue
Circulation of the blood
Worksheet
-Pulmonary
circulation
- Systemic
circulation
Anatomy - valves

Blood
pumped does
not mix as
valves
located
between atria
and ventricles
only allow
blood to
move in 1
direction
Blood Vessels
•Circulatory system has various types of blood vessels in
addition to the heart that control the direction and volume of
blood flow around the body. The three types include:
Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins

Arteries




Carry oxygen-rich blood
from heart to body
Aorta largest artery in
body
HR = pressure of blood
being pushed into
arterial system
Common points –
carotid and radial pulse
Veins
•Veins carry
deoxygenated
blood back to the
heart.
•The
deoxygenated
blood has little
oxygen and
contains high
amounts of waste
products.
Capillary
•Smallest blood
Vessels in body
•Exchange of
nutrients and
waste between the
blood and the body
cells occurs in the
capillaries
Stroke Volume

SV

Blood pumped out
of the left ventricle
during each beat of
the heart
Average for an
adult female may
be about 60
millilitres per beat
Whilst an
endurance trained
female could be up
to 110 millilitres per
beat


Cardiac Output
Q
 Amount of blood
pumped by the heart
per minute
 Measured in litres

Q = HR x SV
 E.g. 70bpm x 80ml =
5.6L per Minute

Cardiac output – continued
At rest for the average male is around 5 -6
litres per minute
 This may rise to around 20 litres during
exercise
 An endurance trained athlete could reach
30-35 litres per minute
 E.g. Lance Armstrong

Blood
Only body tissue that is liquid
 Blood cells make up 45% of the blood
volume
 While plasma makes up the other 55%
 The three types of blood cell are:
 Red blood cells
 White blood cells
 Platelets

BLOOD
Blood carries the following to and
from the body tissues:
 Heat
 Oxygen
 Vitamins
 Antibodies
 Hormones
 Waste materials
Red Blood Cells:
 give blood its red colour
 Produced in the bone marrow
 Contains the protein haemoglobin
 120 day life-span
White Blood Cells:
 Fight infection
 Produced in the bone marrow
 10 day life-span
Platelets are cells that:
 Help form blood clots to stop
bleeding
 Are produced in bone marrow
Blood Pressure


Systolic Pressure
This is the upper
reading and is the
amount of pressure
during the emptying
stage of the heart


Diastolic Pressure
Is the lower reading
and is the pressure
on the arteries when
the heart is relaxed
Measures how hard the heart is working
The health of the arteries, veins and capillaries