Download Blood pressure

laminar and turbulent flow
Distribution of blood
circulation
• Total volume of blood in all
vessels (intravascular
volume):
– man: 5.4 l (77 ml / kg)
– woman: 4.5 l (65 ml / kg)
• Distribution:
– Heart 7%
– Pulmonary circulation 9%
– Systemic circulation 84%
•
•
•
•
from that veins 75%
large arteries 15%
small arteries 3%
capilaries: 7%
Pressure – flow – velocity –
diameter - resistance
Vessels branching
TPR = 8..l/r4.
if vessel of diameter 2 mm
branches into two vessels than
not to increase periferal
resistance the diameter of each
has to equals 1.68 mm
(NOT for arterioles = resistance)
Blood flow – depends on diameter
power to 4, ie increase in
diameter of 19% increases blood
flow two times
cardiac cycle
Wiggers diagram
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
atrial contraction, complete
ventricular fillling, fourth sound
due to turbulence
ventr contraction, first sound due
to valve closure, no ejection isovolumetric
rapid ejection
depolarization – reduced
ejection
second sound due to closure of
aortic vlaves – isoV relaxation
rapid ventricular filling, third
sound due to turbulence
reduced ventricular filling
Venous system pressure
-10
0
0
6
0
Sinus
sagittalis
8
11
22
35
40
90
Pressures and volumes
• Pulse (systolic) volume (PV)= 70 ml
• Final diastolic volume (FDV)= 120 ml
• Final systolic volume = 50 ml = functional reserve of
heart
• Normal systole ejects around 60% of FDV = Ejection
fraction = PV/FDV.
• Heart distribution = PV x frequency
Venous and arterial pulse
• a: regurgitation from
atria
jugular venous pulse
• c: bulge of
tricuspidalis
• v: pressure increase
in atria before
tricuspidal opening
carotic pulse
• dicrotic incision:
vibration closing of
mitral valve