Download blood vessels

Aim: What are the major
roles of the circulatory
system?
Mastery Objectives


To describe how the digestive and
circulatory systems interact
To identify and describe the role of the
circulatory system and its structures in the
maintenance of homeostasis
2
How is the circulatory system
connected to the digestive
system?
The villi of the
Small Intestine
are lined with
blood vessels to
allow nutrients to
be transported to
the body cells!!
The Small Intestine
What words come to mind
when you think of the
Circulatory System?
5
What is the life
process of Transport?
The absorption and distribution of
materials into and out of the cell.
How does materials cross the
plasma membrane of a cell?
Diffusion!!!
What are the major functions
of the circulatory system?
7
A. Delivery of Needed
Materials

Examples: Oxygen, Hormones, Nutrients
4
B. Removal of Waste
Products

Examples: Carbon Dioxide, Urea, Salts,
Water
5
C. Fighting Disease

White Blood Cells
6
What are the three major
structures of the Circulatory
System?
Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood
The Heart


hollow muscular organ with four chambers
Pumps blood throughout the body
8
Types of vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Weird Scientific Fact
The body of an adult
contains over 60,000 miles
of blood vessels.
Arteries
-Carry blood AWAY from the heart.
-Walls are thick and elastic
-Very muscular (blood is under high
pressure)
Veins
-RETURNS blood to the heart.
-Thin walled, stiff, and have LITTLE
muscle (LOW pressure)
-Contain VALVES to prevent backflow
of blood
Capillaries
Where arteries and veins connect.
The are microscopic (1 cell thick)
Materials are exchanged (diffused) through
thin walls.
Capillaries
ARTERY
CAPILLARIES
VEIN
Blood


Contains RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and
Plasma
Transport substances to and from body
cells/tissues
16
Circulation
Exit Slip/Summarizer

Match the characteristic or phrase to the
correct circulatory system term/phrase
that it describes
21
Blood vessels
How does the circulatory
system help maintain
homeostasis?
Transporting nutrients and oxygen TOWARD
the body cells, while taking carbon dioxide and
other wastes AWAY from body cells.
Structure Of The Heart




Two Atria: Upper, THIN walled chambers
that receive blood.
Two Ventricles: Lower, THICK walled
chambers that force blood into arteries.
Valves: Which prevent the backflow of
blood
Septum: separates right and left sides.
AORTA
PULMONARY
ARTERY
PULMONARY
VEIN
22
LEFT ATRIUM
BICUSPID VALVE
LEFT
VENTRICLE
23
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
INFERIOR VENA
CAVA
SEPTUM
AORTA
24
RIGHT ATRIUM
TRICUSPID VALVE
25
SUPERIOR
VENA CAVA
PULMONARY
ARTERY
PULMONARY
VEIN
25
Superior
Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary
Artery
Pulmonary
Veins
Left Atrium
Right
Atrium
Septum
Right
Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
What are the three types of
circulation?
•Pulmonary: between heart and lungs
•Systemic: between heart and body
•Coronary: between heart and heart cells
Pulmonary Circulation


DEOXYGENATED blood
leaves the heart from the
Right ventricle into the
Pulmonary Artery and
travels through to the
lungs to get oxygen
OXYGENATED blood
leaves lungs in the
Pulmonary Veins, travels
back to the heart entering
the L. atria.
LUNGS
LUNGS
Systemic Circulation

OXYGENATED blood is
pumped from the Left
Ventricle through the AORTA
to the rest of the body.

After oxygen is removed by
body tissue, the
DEOXYGENATED blood
flows through veins to either
the Superior or Inferior Vena
Cavas to re-enter the Right
atria of the heart
BODY
BODY
Coronary Circulation
•Responsible for
delivering blood to the
heart tissue so it can
have the oxygen &
nutrients to pump and
carry out cellular
respiration!!
Why is the septum
important?
 It
separates
oxygen POOR
blood (right side
of the heart)
from oxygen
RICH blood (left
side of the
SEPTUM
heart).
Path of Blood Flow (Pulmonary and
Systemic)
Body
Aorta
Inferior or
Superior Vena
Cava
Right
Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Left
Ventricle
Right
Ventricle
Bicuspid Valve
Left
Atrium
Pulmonary
Artery
Pulmonary
Veins
Lungs
Regulation of the Heartbeat:
A specific region of the heart muscle
located in the RA sets the rate at
which it contracts (pacemaker).
-Systole: Heart Muscle
Contracting
-Diastole: Heart
Muscle Relaxing
The pacemaker is controlled by
both the nervous and endocrine
systems.
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html
The Heart
The Heart
Blood

Three Functions:
 Transport
 Regulation
 Protection
Parts Of Blood


Plasma
Cellular Components
Cellular Components:
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)



Description: Small donut shaped cells that
contain hemoglobin and lack a nucleus
Description: Produced in bone marrow
Function: Transport Oxygen
Weird Science fact
5 million RBC’s can fit on the head
of a pin, and over 5 trillion RBC’s
are present in your body at any
given time.
Cellular Components:
White Blood cells

Description: Large cells with a nucleus.
Description: Produced in bone marrow

Function: Defenders of the body.

Cellular Components:
Platelets
-Description: Much smaller
than RBC’s and WBC's
-Function: Plays a role in
blood clotting
Plasma
Description: Straw
colored, liquid portion of
blood.
 Description: comprises
55% total blood volume
 Function: Transports
Salts, proteins, glucose,
amino acids, enzymes,
hormones, and cellular
wastes

What happens when we get a
cut?
1
2
3
1. Break in the blood vessel wall.
2. Platelets collect in the open wound.
3.An enzyme reaction creates fibrin (thin strands) that create a network
to collect RBC’s and clot the wound.
Blood clotting
Parts of Blood:
The Blood
Normal Blood Smear
Cell
#
Rank
RBC
56
1
3
3
16
2
WBC
Platelet
Patient 1
Diagnosis:
AIDS: acquired
immunodeficiency
virus
Cell
#
Rank
RBC
46
1
1
3
13
2
WBC
Platelet
Patient 2
Diagnosis:
Cell
#
Rank
RBC
47
1
3
2
1
3
Thrombocytopenia
purpurea
WBC
Platelet
Patient 3
Diagnosis:
Cell
#
Rank
RBC
109
1
2
3
26
2
Polycythemia
WBC
Platelet
Patient 4
Diagnosis:
Cell
#
Rank
RBC
17
2
20
1
11
3
Leukemia
WBC
Platelet
Patient 5
Diagnosis:
Cell
#
Rank
RBC
47
1
4
3
Sickle-cell Anemia
WBC
Platelet 14
2
Case History #6:
A 28 year old female complains of shortness
of breath. She says that she is always
tired and finds it hard to complete day-today activities.
What do you think her blood smear would
look like? – Include RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets.