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CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES Conduction Pathway SA node – AV Junction – AV node – Bundle of His – Purkinje Fibers 60 – 100 bpm 40 – 60 bpm 15 to 40 bpm What is a cardiovascular emergency?...... Cardiac Compromise • Blanket term • Sometimes called Acute Coronary Syndrome or ACS • Refers to a cardiac event of rapid onset • ACS {ischemia} Cardiac Compromise can be caused by disorders that affect the condition and function of the heart: • CAD • Aneurism • Electrical malfunctions • Mechanical malfunctins • Angina • • • • CHF Thrombus Embolism AMI CAD • Coronary Arteries • Narrowing or blockage • Blood flow reduced, impeding O2 to the heart • Under stress or exertion, Hear rate ↑s increasing oxygen demand The culprits: • Arteriosclerosis Stiffening or hardening of the arterial wall from Ca++ deposits Elasticity is lost changing blood flow and ↑ng B/P • Atherosclerosis Build up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries Narrowing of the diameter of the vessel Aneurism • Angina Pectoris Literally means a pain in the chest CAD CHF • Congestive Heart Failure • Inadequate pumping of the heart • Left sided heart failure • May be brought on by Diseased heart valves HTN COPD Resulting in • Edema backup of fluids • Cardiogenic Shock Signs and symptoms of CHF • Tachycardia • Dyspnea • Normal or ↑d B/P • Cyanosis • Diaphoresis • Cool / clammy / skin • Rales • • • • • Anxiety Confusion Pedal edema JVD {late sign} ABD distension Treatment Modalities • O2 • POC