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CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES
Conduction Pathway
SA node – AV Junction – AV node – Bundle of His – Purkinje Fibers
60 – 100 bpm
40 – 60 bpm
15 to 40 bpm
What is a cardiovascular emergency?......
Cardiac Compromise
• Blanket term
• Sometimes called Acute Coronary Syndrome
or ACS
• Refers to a cardiac event of rapid onset
• ACS {ischemia}
Cardiac Compromise can be caused by disorders
that affect the condition and function of the
heart:
• CAD
• Aneurism
• Electrical malfunctions
• Mechanical malfunctins
• Angina
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CHF
Thrombus
Embolism
AMI
CAD
• Coronary Arteries
• Narrowing or blockage
• Blood flow reduced, impeding O2 to the heart
• Under stress or exertion, Hear rate ↑s
increasing oxygen demand
The culprits:
• Arteriosclerosis
Stiffening or hardening of the arterial wall from
Ca++ deposits
Elasticity is lost changing blood flow and ↑ng
B/P
• Atherosclerosis
Build up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of
the arteries
Narrowing of the diameter of the vessel
Aneurism
• Angina Pectoris
Literally means a pain in the chest
CAD
CHF
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Inadequate pumping of the heart
• Left sided heart failure
• May be brought on by
Diseased heart valves
HTN
COPD
Resulting in
• Edema
backup of fluids
• Cardiogenic Shock
Signs and symptoms of CHF
• Tachycardia
• Dyspnea
• Normal or ↑d B/P
• Cyanosis
• Diaphoresis
• Cool / clammy / skin
• Rales
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Anxiety
Confusion
Pedal edema
JVD {late sign}
ABD distension
Treatment Modalities
• O2
• POC