Download The Cardiovascular System CHAPTER 8

The
Cardiovascular
System
CHAPTER 8
Where is the heart located?
• Centrally in the chest
– Surrounded by lungs, protected by ribs
– Between 3rd-7th ribs in ________ animals and
2nd-6th ribs in _________ animals
– Lies in the _____________ (interpleural space),
which is the space between the pleural covering
of the right and left lungs.
• Trachea, esophagus, and other vascular
structures are also found here
Orientation of the heart
• Bottom of the heart is shifted to the left of the chest
• ________ - the bottom of the heart where the left ventricle
comes to a point
• ________ - the top of the heart where major blood vessels
enter and exit
Composition of the Heart Wall
Outer layer of the heart is called the _________________.
-The pericardium consists of an outer fibrous pericardium and an
inner serous pericardium.
• FIBROUS pericardium
– loosely attaches to the diaphragm.
• The SEROUS pericardium consists of two layers:
*The __________ pericardial layer is adhered to
the fibrous pericardium.
*The __________ pericardial layer lies on the surface
of the heart and is also known as the epicardium.
Between the two layers of the serous
pericardium is the pericardial space.
This is a fluid filled cavity that
________________ the two layers
which allows the heart to smoothly
expand and contract.
• Beneath the epicardium is the ______cardium, the
thickest layer of the heart tissue.
• The inner surface of the heart that lines its chambers
is the ______cardium.
• Auricles- (left and right) ear-shaped chambers located at the base. They are
identified by knowing which ventricle they lie above.
• ________ ventricle - long and narrow, thick-walled, makes up the apex of
heart
• ________ ventricle - broader surface area, thinner walls
• The borders of the ventricles contain interventricular sulci, which are
grooves of fat and blood vessels that are part of ____________ circulation
of heart.
External anatomy
of the heart: Chambers
Vessels and chambers that
contain DEOXYGENATED
blood
• The _______ _________ (cranial and
caudal) empty deoxygenated blood
into the RIGHT ATRIUM
• The Pulmonary _________ (left and
right) emerge from the RIGHT
VENTRICLE as the pulmonary trunk
– Quickly divides into right and left
pulmonary arteries traveling to each
lung
Vessels and chambers that
contain OXYGENATED
blood
• The Pulmonary _________ (left and
right) return oxygenated blood to the
LEFT ATRIUM
• The _________ is the largest artery in
the body
– The walls of the aorta are the
thickest of any blood vessel
– The aorta emerges from the LEFT
VENTRICLE and delivers
oxygenated blood to the body.
Atrioventricular Valves:
-Right Atrioventricular Valve (aka Right AV
valve/Tricuspid Valve) separates the right atrium
from the right ventricle
-has ___ flaps/leaflets
-Left Atrioventricular Valve (aka Left AV
Valve/Mitral Valve/Bicuspid Valve) separates the
left atrium from the left ventricle
-has ___ flaps/leaflets
These valves open and close simultaneously!
The AV valves are attached to _________ __________,
which prevent the flaps from bending back into the atria.
_____________ muscles connect the chordae tendinae
to the interventricular septum
Internal Structures of the Heart
The _____________ band is a band of tissue present in the right
ventricle.
-not attached to flaps of tricuspid valve
-provides additional structural support to the wall of the right
ventricle
Semilunar valves:
-Aortic valve
-Pulmonary/pulmonic valve
Both valves are made of ____ leaflets. The aortic valve leads to
the aorta and the pulmonary/pulmonic valve leads to the
pulmonary trunk.
These valves open and close simultaneously!
Can you label the
chambers and valves?