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Rise of The Empire
-Rome’s emperor Constantine moved the capital to
Constantinople, causing Rome to be split into two parts (Eastern
Empire and Western Empire)
- Rome’s Eastern and Western Empire then split, the Eastern
Empire was ruled by Constantine and became known as
Byzantium or the Byzantine Empire
- The capital of the Byzantine Empire remained Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
Between AD 324 and 640, the very first era of Byzantine civilization was formed.
Justinian I took his throne in 527 and built Constantinople into one of the most
wonderful cities in the world. The Byzantine Empire separated in 395 which was
followed by the death of Emperor Theodosius I. His 17-year-old son Arcadius
ruled the Eastern Empire from Constantinople, and his 10-year-old son Honorius
was given the Western Empire to rule from Milan. This was supposed to stay
temporary but soon became permanent.
There were many conflicts at home during the first few years of the Byzantine
Empire. Groups of dangerous people were eager for land and power they pushed
all boundaries in the 5th century. The Vandals invaded Spain, France and North
Africa in 455. The Visigoths invaded Italy in 409, then conquered France and
southern Spain. In 490 Ostrogoths took parts of Italy and defeated the city of
Ravenna.
The Vandals
The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe who were first heard in southern Poland.
They moved around Europe making kingdoms in Spain and North Africa in the 5th
century. It is believed that the Vandals originated in Scandinavia and then
migrated to the region of Silesia. Rome was forced to ask for peace and to reinstate
the Treaty of 442 CE. This allowed the Vandals to do whatever they wanted ,
whenever they wanted to. The Vandals were farmers who put out their lands, usually in
river valleys, to form a circular village. They lived from trading, tending crops and
raising animals to kill. The houses were small, only one or two rooms, with walls of
wood, or wicker covered by clay. They were also craftsmen that were high skilled in
making jewelry, in ceramics, and in weaving. They were ruled by either one or two
kings. If it were two, the power will be equal.
The Visigoths
The Visigoths were the western tribe of the Goths and were one of the two main
branches of the Early Germanic tribe. They settled west of the Black Sea in the
3rd century CE. To be what is known now as The Gothic Wars (376-382 CE)
Emperor Valens took the field from the Eastern Roman Empire and won many
victories. These tribes flourished and spread during the late Roman Empire in Late
Antiquity, or the Migration Period. The Goths were among the Germanic peoples
who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period, following a
Visigothic force led by Alaric I's sacking of Rome in 410. The Visigoths also
became the dominant power in the Iberian Peninsula, quickly crushing the Alans
and forcing the Vandals into north Africa. There was a religious gulf between the
Visigoths, who had for a long time adhered to Arianism, and their Catholic
subjects in Hispania. In 589, King Reccared (Recaredo) converted his people to
Catholicism.
The Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths were a branch of the later Goths. They established a kingdom in
Italy in the late 5th and 6th centuries. The Ostrogoths traced their origins to the
Greutungi – a branch of the Goths who had migrated southward from the Baltic
Sea the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Goths first appear in history living in the area
around the Black Sea. Until the invasion of the Huns in 375 CE they kept attacking
the provinces of Rome and proved a resilient to the Empire. A big part of the
populace left the area to look for protection of the Roman Empire under the
Visigoths while the rest of the people remained. With the death of Attila the Hun
(450 CE) the Ostrogoths declared their independence. In 474 CE, Theodoric
(known as Theodoric the Great) became king of the Ostrogoths and, backed by
the Byzantine Empire, led a campaign into Italy.
The Byzantium was ruled by Roman law and political instructions.
But, its official language was Latin and Greek. Students received
education in Greek history, culture and literature. In 451 the
Council of Chalcedon established the world into five patriarchates,
each ruled by a patriarch (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria,
Antioch and Jerusalem) This emperor was the patriarch of
Constantinople, and the head of both church and state. After the
7th century the Islamic empire absorbed Alexandria, Antioch and
Jerusalem. The Byzantine emperor became the spiritual leader of
most eastern Christians.
Vocabulary
Constantinople- The largest city and former capital of Turkey, Previously known
as Byzantium.
Byzantine Empire- Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire
from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for
Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in
1453.
Greutungi- Gothic people of the Ukrainian steppes in the 3rd and the 4th
centuries.
Byzantine Empire Geography
This empire was the most brilliant of medieval civilizations was the Eastern
Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was divided in AD 395 into two parts. The
Western half, ruled from Rome, fell to the tribal Germanic peoples known as
barbarians in the 5th century. The Eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire,
lasted for more than 1,000 years.
Justinian I
-Justinian was one of the greatest rulers of the Byzantine Empire
Justinian’s Code-collection of books that outlined laws and
legal interpretations developed by Justinian
- Justinian’s code consists of 4 books;
1)Codex Constitutionum
2)Digesta ( also known as Pandectae)
3) Institutiones
4)Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem
Hagia Sophia
● Originally built as cathedral in Istanbul Turkey in the 6th
century
● Name means “holy wisdom”
● Became a mosque after Turkish conquer of empire in
1435
● Turned into museum in 1935
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