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Work with your group to write 15 quiz questions on the vocabulary you did for today.
Book Club Daily Five—24 Nov 08
Book Title: _____________________________________
Pages Read: Start __80___ Finish __110__
1. Illuminator: What two passages did you share?
2. Illustrator: Attach your picture.
3. Discussion Director: Write two questions for discussion
4. Connector: Write two examples of outside connections to
the novel.
5. Summarizer: write a summary of your reading for today.
Book Club Daily Six—25 Nov 08
Book Title: _____________________________________
Pages Read: Start __110___ Finish __130__
1. Summarizer: Write a summary of your reading for today:
2. Illuminator: What two passages did you share?
3. Illustrator: Attach your picture.
4. Discussion Director: Write two questions for discussion
5. Connector: Write two examples of outside connections to
the novel.
A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a
subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and
a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.
A phrase typically functions as a single part of speech in a
sentence (e.g., noun, adjective, adverb).
There are five types of phrases:
1. Prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and
include the object of the preposition.
2. Participial phrases, which begin with the participle and include
the object of the participle or other words that are connected to
the noun by the participle.
3. Gerund phrases, which begin with the gerund and include the
object of the gerund or other words that are acting as the
complete subject or complete object.
4. Infinitive phrases, which begin with an infinitive and include
the object of the infinitive or other words that are acting as part
of the phrase.
5. Appositive phrases, which are nouns or pronouns adding
more information to another noun or pronoun in the sentence.
Prepositions
• A preposition is a word that links a noun or pronoun
following it to another word in the sentence.
about behind around against across as of
outside down except but by on over of
before beyond during despite for onto at
• A noun or pronoun always follows a preposition.
• A prepositional phrase is a preposition and its object
(remember, objects are always nouns or pronouns).
on the wing in the door
near the violently swaying oak trees
on account of his nearly-depleted bank account
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
• The prepositional phrase includes the preposition and the
object of the preposition as well as any modifiers related to
either.
[In the following examples, the preposition is bold and the
prepositional phrase is underlined.]
• The flying saucer appeared above the lake before it
disappeared into space.
– ABOVE is not an adverb because it has an object to complete its
meaning; therefore, ABOVE is a preposition and the entire phrase is an
adverb phrase.
• Crystal could hear her sister snoring across the room.
– Objects usually answer the question what. Therefore, we can ask across
what? to determine the object of the preposition.
• Christine discovered a pile of books hidden under the
staircase.
– UNDER is not an adverb because it alone does not answer where about
the verb.
• You should consider reading the notes before class.
– BEFORE is not an adverb because it alone does not answer where
about the verb.
• You should consider reading the notes before you come to class.
– BEFORE is not a preposition because is not followed by an object that it
links to the clause. It is followed by another clause that is subordinate in
meaning to the independent clause; therefore, it is a subordinate
conjunction.
• Alix walk down the ramp to the beach.
– DOWN is not an adverb because it alone does not answer where about
the verb.
• Alix fell down.
– DOWN is an adverb answering where about the verb. There is no
object, so it cannot be a preposition.
More Prepositions and Phrases
• The manager with the pink slips terrorized
the employees.
• The price of the promotion was much too
steep.
• Something in the corner of the desk was
moving.
• She lost her head at the retro drive in.
• The salesperson skimmed over the product's
real cost.
• The boss was thrilled at their attitude.
• The rock climbers arrived late at night.
• Ms. Werner bribed the students with candy.
A Participle is a verb form that functions as an adjective.
Participles aren’t preceded by a helping verb.
• The sputtering car jerked down the road.
(participle)
• The car was sputtering down the road. (verb)
Present Participles end in –ing
(jumping, burning, speaking).
• The howling children disturbed the
neighbors.
• Fred Flintstone gave Barney Rubble a
crumbling rock.
• Swimming slowly, I didn’t notice the shark
on my tail.
Past Participles usually end in –ed,
-t, or –en (jumped, burnt, spoken).
• The frozen candy bar broke her $900
braces.
• Annoyed, Ms. Werner waited for the
students to be quiet.
• Confused by the noise, the mouse hid its
face.
Participles,3
Use participles and participial phrases to create
concise and interesting sentences. You can
combine to simple sentences to make a more
interesting complex sentence.
• 2 Sentences: Ms. Werner gave the students a
pointed glare. She waited for them to be quiet.
• 1 Sentence: Waiting for them to be quiet, Ms.
Werner gave the students a pointed glare.
• The car sliding out of control toward the building is going
to hit the window.
• Cameron spotted his brother throwing rocks at the passing
cars.
• The astronaut chosen to ride the space shuttle to Mars is
afraid of heights.
• Running down the street, Alicia tripped and fell.
• Penned in by other runners, Steve was unable to make a
break for the finish line.
• Mark returned the damaged package to the manufacturer.
• Alex fell down the broken staircase.