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Unit 5 Verbs 5.1 Action Verbs What is an action verb? • An action verb is a word that expresses action. • Think back: Every sentence has two parts, a subject and a predicate. The main word in the predicate is often an action verb. • The action verb tells what the subject of the sentence does or did. What are the action verbs in the following sentences? • Sylvia entered the short story contest. • Now many people read her story. • We enjoy her tale about a leprechaun. Verbs can also express action you cannot see. • I wonder about the contest. • Robin hoped for a prize. Show What You Know!! • Get out your blue remotes. • Directions: Choose the action verb in each sentence. Today’s work is a grade!! 1. We read the contest rules. a. We b. read c. Contest 2. The judges outlined the rules. a. outlined b. judges c. rules 3. Only fifth graders enter the contest. a. fifth b. contest c. enter 4. We work on our stories all week. a. work b. on c. week 5. Sylvia planned her story carefully. a. Sylvia b. planned c. carefully 6. Sylvia writes in a diary. a. diary b. in c. writes 7. Her story comes from her diary. a. comes b. from c. Story 8. Details interest Sylvia. a. details b. interest c. Sylvia 9. Past prize winners visited the state capital. a. past b. visited c. winners 10. Sylvia hopes for a good prize. a. good b. for c. hopes • Turn to page 144 13-20 • Turn in to my basket when finished. Unit 5 Verbs 5.2 Verbs with Direct Objects What is a direct object? • A direct object is a noun or pronoun in the predicate that receives the action of the verb. • A direct object answers the question what? or whom? after action verbs. Examples • Elaine judges dogs. • She gives prizes to the winners. • Dogs love her. • The spaniel wants the prize. • Get you blue remotes out. • Directions: Tell the direct object in each sentence. 1. We plan a dog show. a. We b. plan c. dog show 2. Each owner enters a dog. a. owner b. enters c. dog 3. Elaine judges our show. a. Show b. Judges c. Elaine 4. George owns a spaniel. a. spaniel b. George c. owns 5. The spaniel carries a bone. a. carries b. bone c. spaniel 6. A beagle shows her hunting skills. a. beagle b. hunting c. skills 7. Each owner wants the best prize. a. prize b. best c. wants 8. Elaine brings dog biscuits. a. brings b. dog c. biscuits. 9. The pets love the treats. a. treats b. pets c. the 10. They all wag their tails. a. wag b. tails c. their Independent Practice • Book page 147 13-20 Unit 5 Verbs 5.3 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs Think Back… • You remember that sometimes a simple predicate can be more than one word. Some sentences have two verbs!! • The main verb shows what the subject does or is. • The helping verb helps the main verb to show an action in the sentence. – By itself, a helping verb cannot show action. Examples • Stan and Jan are entering the talent contest. • I can help them rehearse. • They will dance together. Common Helping Verbs am is are was were will shall have has had can could Show What You Know!! • Get out your blue remote!! • Choose the helping verb in each sentence. 1. Gerald is practicing for the contest. a. is b. practicing c. for 2. He has danced in many talent shows. a. danced b. many c. has 3. He will perform some difficult dance steps. a. some b. perform c. will 4. We have started our rehearsals. a. have b. started c. our 5. We can meet every afternoon. a. we b. meet c. can **Put your blue remote up. Get out one sheet of paper and your book. Page 149 13-20 Unit 5 Verbs 5.4 What is a Linking Verb? What is a linking verb? • Some verbs do not show action. Verbs that do not show action are called linking verbs. • A linking verb is a verb that links the subject of a sentence to a noun or an adjective in the predicate. The word that follows the linking verb names or describes the subject of the sentence. • Many linking verbs are forms of the verb to be. Example • The state fair is a treat. Pay Attention!!!! • Some verbs can be either linking verbs or action verbs. • The fairgrounds look pretty. (linking verb) • You can look at the Ferris Wheel. (action verb) Common Linking Verbs am is are was were will be seem appear look taste smell feel Show What You Know!! • Get out your blue remote. • Directions: Choose the linking verb in each sentence. 1. Mrs. Lowe’s pies taste wonderful. a. taste b. wonderful 2. She is an excellent baker. a. an b. is 3. The cakes look beautiful. a. beautifulb. look 4. They smell delicious. a. smell b. delicious 5. The prizes are red and blue ribbons. a. prizes b. are **Put your blue remote away. Get out one sheet of paper and your book. page 151 13-20 Unit 5 Verbs 5.5 Verb Contractions When we speak we use contractions. What is a contraction? • A contraction is a word made from two words. Contractions are often used in informal writing and in conversation. **You NEVER use contractions in your FORMAL writing (like a story or writing prompt)!! • Sometimes you can combine a verb with the word not to form a verb contraction. • Use an apostrophe (‘) in place of the letter or letters that have been left out. Contractions with Verbs Plus the Word not should not would not is not cannot will not has not must not were not shouldn’t wouldn’t isn’t can’t won’t hasn’t mustn’t weren’t was not are not could not had not do not have not does not has not wasn’t aren’t couldn’t hadn’t don’t haven’t doesn’t hasn’t Example: Tell the contraction for the underlined words. 1. Sylvia will not decide upon a project. 2. She does not feel ready. 3. I have not seen it. 4. She should not worry about her work. Show What You Know!! • Get out one sheet of paper and your language book. • Turn to page 153. • Do 16-25 Turn it in when you finish! Unit 5 Verbs 5.6 Verb Tenses • The verb you use in a sentence helps you determine when something happens. The time expressed by a verb is called its tense. • There are three main tenses: past, present, and future. Present Tense Verbs • Show something that is happening now. • Example: Joanna wants something different. **Add s or es to a present-tense verb when a singular noun is its subject. Your turn!!! Give me a present-tense verb example. Past Tense Verbs • Show action that has already happened. • Example Yesterday she wanted an Olympic medal. **Add ed to the present tense of the verb to form the past tense of most verbs. Your turn!!! Give me an example of a past-tense verb. Future Tense Verbs • Show something that has not yet happened. • Example Tomorrow Joanna will want something else. **Add shall or will before the present tense of the verb to show future tense. Your turn!!! Give me an example of a future-tense verb. Tell whether the underlined verb is in the present, past, or future tense. 1. The team skied downhill. 2. Each team member practices daily. 3. We will watch them ski. 4. The best athletes will receive the prize. 5. Our team earned the bronze medal. Get our your blue remotes. Directions: Tell if the verb in the sentence is in the present, past, or future tense. 1. I like figure skating. a. Present b. Past c. Future 2. Winners will receive medals. a. Present b. Past c. Future 3. Machines scraped the ice this morning. a. Present b. Past c. Future 4. A skater twirled on the ice. a. Present b. Past c. Future 5. The best athletes will practice for hours. a. Present b. Past c. Future 6. My favorite skater races today. a. Present b. Past c. Future 7. I cheered for Stacy yesterday. a. Present b. Past c. Future 8. Yesterday Ellen talked to all her friends. a. Present b. Past c. Future 9. They all love sledding. a. Present b. Past c. Future 10. They will meet at the top of the hill today. a. Present b. Past c. Future Put your blue remote away. Get out your Language book and one sheet of paper. Turn to page 155 13-20 Unit 5 Verbs 5.7 Using the Present and Past Tenses A verb changes its form to agree, or work, with the subject to show its tense. Rules for Forming the Present Tense 1. Most verbs: add s stop stops climb climbs 2. Verbs ending in s, ch, sh, x, and z: add es buzz buzzes guess guesses rush rushes fix fixes catch catches 3. Verbs ending with a consonant and y: change the y to i and add es. fry fries hurry hurries Rules for Forming the Past Tense 1. Most verbs: add ed Verbs adding with e: add d mend mended free freed 2. Verbs ending with a consonant and y: Change the y to i and add ed carry bury carried buried 3. Verbs ending with a single vowel and a consonant: Double the final consonant and add ed. slip fan slipped fanned Examples Tell the past tense of the underlined verb in each sentence. 1. We vote for a class president. 2. Students elect the person of their choice. 3. I pick the winner every time. 4. Sandra and I support Chris. 5. Chris believes in student government. Show What You Know! • Page 157 13-20 Unit 5 Verbs 5.8 Subject – Verb Agreement • A verb has to agree with its subject in number. • If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular. • If the subject is plural, the verb must be plural. • Add s or es to the present-tense verb when the subject is a singular noun or he, she, or it. • Example: The winner rushes by us. He appears happy. • Do NOT add s or es to the present-tense verb when the subject is a plural noun or I, you, we, or they. • Example: Morris and Cora seem excited. They rush into the room. Let’s Practice! • Tell which of the verbs in parentheses completes each sentence correctly. 1. Bill (enter, enters) the spelling bee. 2. We (wish, wishes) him well. 3. He (tell, tells) us his plan. 4. He (study, studies) the dictionary every night. 5. Janet and I (spell, spells) well, too. Show What You Know!! • With your mouth closed…get out your blue remote! • Directions: Tell the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1. The spelling bee (begin, begins) today. a. begin b. begins 2. The teachers (choose, chooses) the words. a. choose b. chooses 3. Winners (receive, receives) a dictionary. a. receive b. receives 4. The words (seem, seems) difficult. a. seem b. seems 5. We all (learn, learns) quickly. a. learn b. learns 6. The contest (start, starts) in a minute. a. start b. starts 7. I (read, reads) the rules first. a. read b. reads 8. Brad (organize, organizes) the class car wash every year. a. organize b. organizes 9. We (raise, raises) money for a class trip. a. raise b. raises 10. Tina (wash, washes) cars in the morning. a. wash b. washes • Put your blue remote away. • Activity is coming around Unit 5 Verbs 5.9 Using Be and Have Correctly • Some verbs follow special rules to agree with their subjects. Be and have are two verbs that must change their form according to special rules in order to agree with their subjects. Be Subject Present Past I am was you are were he, she, it is was we are were they are were Have Subject Present Past I have had you have had he, she, it has Had we have had they have had Tell which verb in parentheses agrees with the subject in each sentence. • First prize (is, are) a watering can. • I (is, am) a member of the club. • Jean (is, am) a member, too. • The club (has, have) regular meetings. • We (hs, have) good prizes for the winners. Get out your blue remotes!! • Directions: – Complete each sentence, using the correct verb from the pair in parentheses. – Today’s work is a GRADE!! 1. Paul’s tulips ____ the prettiest in the neighborhood. a. is b. are 2. Last year, he ____ a garden full of roses. a. have b. had 3. Now, he ____ a new type of flower for the garden show. a. have b. has 4. The tiger lilies ____ orange and black. a. is b. are 5. Dana ____ a new member of the garden club. a. is b. are 6. I ____ a friend of hers. a. is b. am 7. We ____ all contestants in this year’s show. a. is b. are 8. Flowers and plants ____ the main entries in the contest. a. is b. are 9. You ____ wonderful dahlias. a. has b. have 10. My sister and I ____ begonias and violets. a. has b. have 11. Jim ____ a great idea. a. have b. has 12. He ____ a judge in the contest. a. is b. are 13. The prizes ____ all perfect for gardeners. a. is b. are 14. I ____ in charge of the prizes. a. is b. are 15. Jim and I ____ many good prizes in mind. a. has b. have • Put your blue remotes away!!! • Writing Prompt (next slide) Journal Imagine that you are in charge of the prizes to be awarded to the winners of a contest. Decide what the contest and prizes should be. Write a description of the prizes. Make sure you have SUBJECT-VERB agreement. Unit 5 Verbs 5.10 and 5.11 Using Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs (they are spelled differently) • You form the past tense of regular verbs by adding ed to the verb. Irregular verbs are spelled differently in the past tense. Irregular Verbs Present Past Past with helping verbs See Saw Has, have, had seen Run Ran Has, have, had run Come Came Has, have, had come Go Went Has, have, had gone Give Gave Has, have, had given Eat Ate Has, have, had eaten Write Wrote Has, have, had written Drive Drove Has, have, had driven Irregular Verbs Present Past Past with helping verbs Ride Rode Has, have, had ridden Take Took Has, have, had taken Speak Spoke Has, have, had spoken Choose Chose Has, have, had chosen Fly Flew Has, have, had flown Draw Drew Has, have, had drawn Let’s Practice!! • Tell the past-tense form of the verb in parentheses. 1. Aesop (write) about clever and foolish animals. 2. He (give) them names and ideas of their own. 3. Becky (choose) a book of funny animal fables. More Irregular Verbs Present Past Past with helping verbs Sing Sang Has, have, had sung Swim Swam Has, have, had swum Drink Drank Has, have, had drunk Do Did Has, have, had done Grow Grew Has, have, had grown Throw Threw Has, have, had thrown Know Knew Has, have, had known Wear Wore Has, have, had worn Irregular Verbs Present Past Past with helping verbs Bring Brought Has, have, had brought Teach Taught Has, have, had taught Say Said Has, have, had said Make Made Has, have, had made Sit Sat Has, have, had sat Let’s Practice • Tell the past-tense form of the verb in parentheses. 1. The audience (sit) down in the theater. 2. Some of the stars (do), too. 3. An actor had (sing) the theme song already. 4. An excited director has (make) a speech. • Get out your blue remotes!! • Directions: Tell the correct past-tense form of the verb. 1. The last story has ____ me an amusing idea. a. gave b. given 2. I have ____ a humorous fable, too. a. written b. wrote 3. He had ____ many famous actors for years. a. known b. knew 4. A pop star ____ another song. a. sung b. sang 5. John and I ____ about the fables. a. spoken b. spoke 6. John ____ his favorite fable. a. chose b. chosen 7. The judges ____ at a table. a. Sat b. Sit 8. A famous actor ____ the movie on the screen now. a. Made b. make 9. The animals ____ in a race. a. ran b. run 10. Two sharks ____ toward the beach. a. swum b. swam 11. A bear ____ the entire race. a. saw b. seen 12. A bird has ____ to the finish line. a. flown b. flew 13. One star has ____ something nice. a. say b. said 14. She has ____ her best for her family. a. done b. did 15. All the winners have ____ long speeches. a. made b. make • Put your remote away…..quietly!!! Unit 5 Verbs 5.12 Using Commas Think back… • What do you do if you are wanting to combine two sentences to make them into a compound sentence? • You use a comma to separate the sentences!!! • We also use commas to separate words in a series or list. • Example: • We brought poles, hooks, and hip boots. **Use a comma to separate each item in a list. ***Use the conjunction and or or before the last item in the list. Do I need a comma in this sentence? We brought poles and hooks. **NO, because it is not a series. Let’s practice!! • Tell where commas are needed in the following sentences. 1. The fish are judged by size weight and beauty. 2. We can sign up on Monday Tuesday or Wednesday. 3. The fish are red blue green and silver 4. Linda caught a bass and a trout. 5. We can fish from the boat the shore or the dock. • Get out your language book and one sheet of paper. • Head your paper. • Turn to page 167. Unit 5 Verbs 5.13 Homophones and Homographs HOMOPHONES • Homophones are words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings. • There were already two taco stands at the fair. • Barney wanted to open a taco stand, too. • In the previous sentences, two, too, and to are homophones. You must look at the context or overall meaning to tell which spelling is correct. HOMOGRAPHS • Homographs are words that are spelled the same, but have different meanings and sometimes have different pronunciations. • We hoped the wind would not blow our stand down. • Maurice wanted to wind up our awning. • In the first sentence, wind names the movement of air. • In the second sentence, wind is a verb that means “to roll up”. You can tell the correct meaning of a homograph from its context. Let’s Practice!! • Tell the correct HOMOPHONE that completes each sentence completely. 1. Jeremy was (scene, seen) at the taco stand. 2. Our tacos are (maid, made) with secret ingredients. 3. Mouth (pain, pane) is caused by too much hot sauce. 4. The cook (ate, eight) another taco. 5. His special recipe was (great, grate). Remember… • HOMOPHONES are words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings. • HOMOGRAPHS are words that are spelled alike but have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciations. Get out your blue remotes!! • Directions: Tell the correct HOMOPHONE!! 1. George (red, read) a secret recipe. a. red b. read 2. George did not (right, write) the recipe for us. a. right b. write 3. He had to (by, buy) special peppers. a. by b. buy 4. He (blew, blue) on the cooking fire. a. blew b. blue 5. He had entered the contest, (to, two, too). a. to b. two c. too 6. His sauce simmered all (night, knight). a. night b. knight 7. We could (hear, here) him at work. a. hear b. here 8. We (sent, cent) Mary to George’s stand. a. sent b. cent 9. George put (flower, flour) in his sauce. a. flower b. flour 10. Now we (no, know) the secret ingredient! a. no b. know • Page 189 1-9. • Follow the directions exactly. Chapter 5 Study Guide • Get out one sheet of paper. • Turn to page 172 in your Language book. • Your study guide for your test on Thursday is pages 172-173.