* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Sentence
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
American Sign Language grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Preposition and postposition wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English Grammar Sentence Basics © Capital Community College The Sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought. expressing Every sentence has two essential parts: and The subject part of a sentence The predicate part of a sentence is the who or what that the tells what the subject does, is, or sentence is about. is like. The flower bloomed. Bob painted. The girls on the team were all good students. Bill told everyone about the wreck. Mary is sad. Sue is a piano player. The simple subject is the main word in the complete subject. The four new students arrived early. Simple subject students The complete subject is the main word and all its modifiers. Complete subject The four new students The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or group of words in the complete predicate. Sara’s sister took us bowling yesterday. Simple predicate took The complete predicate is the verb and all its modifiers. Complete Predicate took us bowling yesterday Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Interjections Adjectives Conjunctions • shows the relationship between nouns and pronouns in a sentence. •A prepositional phrase is a modifier and acts as an adjective or an adverb. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his trip to Canada. The preposition never stands alone! object of preposition preposition object You can press those leaves under glass. can have more than one object Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news. object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination. Glory, Glory, Hallelujah… Nouns or pronouns Prepositions come in phrases. The phrases always end with objects. Prepositions never work alone, Or they are called adverbs! prep noun =op He hid(behind the tree. ) adv. prep. ph. To find the object, say the preposition and ask the questions whom? or what? The answer is your object. Hurry before you get left behind. adv Some Common Prepositions Sung to the tune of “Yankee Doodle” aboard about above across after against along among around at as before behind below beneath beside between beyond but (except) by down during except for from in inside into like of off on onto out outside over past since than through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without The conjunction A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. or but The interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset! Word that names A Person A Place A Thing An Idea Noun Functions Subject Indirect Object Object of Preposition Predicate Nominative Direct Object Appositive •common/proper •plural/singular •concrete/abstract •collective/compound •gerund Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc. Relative Pronouns who whom whose which what that Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Did you lose your address book? Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes. Answers these questions: A word that expresses action or a state of being. “be” verbs & taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay Kinds of Verbs Action verbs express mental or physical action. He rode the horse to victory. Linking verbs make a statement by linking the subject to a word that describes what it is or is like. A linking verb is a form of be: am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being… He has been sick. Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: He ran quickly. She left yesterday. We went there. It was too hot! To what degree or how much? Every sentence must have © Capital Community College a The “who” or the “what” that the sentence is about! = noun or pronoun 1. Mrs. Felton shuffled the papers on her desk. 2. Mrs. Walker teaches eighth and ninth grades. 3. Mrs. McMath is a caring teacher. The part of the sentence that tells what the subject “does”, “is”, or “is like”! = action or linking verb 4. Mrs. Woods is very organized. A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb. It is different from a phrase in that a phrase does not include BOTH a subject and a verb relationship. Is every sentence a clause? YES, but Is every clause a sentence? Independent vs. Dependent? Independent: A clause that can stand by itself and still make sense. An independent clause could be its own sentence. Independent clauses are sometimes called essential clauses. Dependent: A clause that cannot stand by itself. It depends on something else, an independent clause, for its meaning. A dependent clause trying to stand by itself would be a sentence fragment. Dependent clauses are sometimes called subordinate or nonessential clauses. Independent (ind), Dependent (dep), or Phrase (ph)? Read each group of words as a statement not a question. ____ ph after the game dep _____ who call dep ____ after we win ph when the sun ____ _____ ind please call ph _____ in the morning dep ____ which is now _____ because I said so dep dep ____ before you go _____ if you say so dep ind ____ Sam arrives late _____ ind he is nice dep ____ when Sam arrives ph _____ winning the game ph is falling ____ ind she called me _____ TPS: Compare and contrast dep. clauses, ind. clauses, and phrases? Sentence Patterns Subject + action verb Subject + action verb + direct object Subject + action verb + indirect object + direct object Subject + linking verb Subject + linking verb + predicate adjective Subject + linking verb + predicate nominative That’s all for now. . . More Later © Capital Community College Appositive = a noun or pronoun that follows a noun and identifies or renames it. 1 The first man on the moon . was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio. • He was Neil Armstrong. 2 Mr. and Mrs. Kelly have . bought a new car. • They're our neighbors. 3 Meteors are often called . shooting stars. • Meteors are chunks of metal or stone. The first man on the moon, Neil 1 Armstrong, was born in Wapokoneta, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly, our 2 neighbors, have bought a new car. Meteors, chunks of metal or 3 stone, are often called shooting stars. Pronoun case after as, than. Look at the following two sentences. •You respect Professor Morrow more than I. •You respect Professor Morrow more than me. Depending on the meaning, either choice could be correct. If the writer means You respect Professor Morrow more than I (respect Professor Morrow), then the first sentence is correct. If the writer means You respect Professor Morrow more than (you respect) me, then the second sentence is correct. The key to choosing the right pronoun case is to supply mentally the missing part of the clause. Did you work as hard as they? ( worked) I like Ed better than he. ( likes Ed) I like Ed better than him. (than I like him) They are smarter than we. ( are)