* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Document 8439036
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Vietnamese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Image Grammar • “Traditionally, the study of grammar has dealt only with words, phrases, and clauses. However, when I began to see grammar as a process of creating art, it seemed unnatural – even impossible – not to view grammar as a continuous spectrum in a whole work.” Conclusion: Writing is like art. Grammar is the craft that gets the artist from rough sketch to professional painting. The Five Brush Strokes: • Painting with Participles Definition: • “ing” verb tagged on the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence (one variation is past tense of verb with “ed” ending) i.e. verb + ing walk + ing • walking Participles • Participles Painted by Hemingway • Shifting the weight of the line to his left shoulder and kneeling carefully, he washed his hand in the ocean and held it there, . . . watching the steady movement of the water against his hand as the boat moved. --- Old Man and the Sea » by Ernest Hemingway Harry Noden’s Students • Participles Painted by Students • Flying through the air on the wings of a dream, the Olympic long jumper thrust the weight of his whole body forward. --- Cathleen Conry • The rhino, caught in the tangled rope, looked for freedom. --- Erika Schreckengost • Melody froze, dripping with sweat, hoping with all her might that they wouldn’t hear the noise. A beam of light swung out into the darkness, searching. --Becky Swab • The clown, appearing bright and cheerful, smiled and did his act with unusual certainty for someone who had just killed a man. --- Christi Flick Now, you try it… • Let’s look at the picture and create an anchor sentence using only a subject, verb, and an object (SVO). Sample: Mrs. Gladys Nathan Beasley remembers her children. Now, add a participial phrase: Sitting in the window, Mrs. Gladys Nathan Beasley remembers her children. Your turn: • _________________________, Mrs. Gladys Nathan Beasley remembers her children. Let’s try another: • Write an anchor sentence, then add a participial phrase to it. Your Turn • _________________________, the chimp looked on in amazement. And finally: • The cat yawned. Your Turn • _________________________, the cat yawned. Painting with Absolutes • Definition: • a two-word combination—a noun and an “ing” or “ed” verb added onto a sentence • i.e. hand shaking, lips cracking, Sample: The mummy was moving. The mummy’s right arm was outstretched, the torn wrappings hanging from it, as the being stepped out of its gilded box! The scream froze in her throat. The thing was coming towards her---moving with a weak, shuffling gait, that arm outstretched before it, the dust rising from the rotting linen that covered it, a great smell of dust and decay filling the room. --The Mummy by Anne Rice Samples Flames flying, gravel ripping, Dash ran to save the screaming people from the flaming building. – Tawny Hanna Heart racing, mind wondering, the boy ran frantically to his house. -Rachel Stomach growling, mouth drooling, the monkey wanted the boy’s banana. –James Choi More Samples • Mind racing, anxiety overtaking, the diver peered once more at the specimen. --- Erin Stralka • I glanced at my clock, digits glowing florescent blue in the inky darkness of my room. --- Jenn Coppolo • Jaws cracking, tongue curling, the kitten yawned tiredly, awaking from her nap. --- Tara Tesmer Let’s Try One • The car won first place. Now You Try It: • _______ ______, ______ ______, the car won first place. Let’s try another: • The gorilla stared at us. Your Turn • _________ ________, ________ • _________, the gorilla stared at us. And finally: • The sun rose in the east. Your Turn • _________ ________, ________ • _________, the sun rose in the east. Did you say, “commas”? • Let’s stop for a minute and look at the use of the comma in Image Grammar. • The comma tells you so much about where the main idea is, where the supporting details are, what the rhythms of the sentence are, and when to breathe. Do you think punctuation is important? • That that is is that that is not is not that • that is not is not that that is that that is is • not that that is not is not that it it is Answer: • That, that is, is. That, that is not, is not. That, that is not, is not that that is. That, that is, is not that, that is not. Is not that it? It is. Painting with Appositives • Definition: • a noun that adds a second image to a preceding noun • Basically, any additional noun used to describe a noun, usually set off by commas. i.e. Keon, a brilliant student, Layla, a great writer, Sample: • Plowing through the choppy gray waters, a phalanx of ships bore down on Hitler's Europe: fast new attack transports, slow rust-scarred freighters, small ocean liners, channel steamers, hospital ships, weather-beaten tankers, and swarms of fussing tugs. Barrage balloons flew above the ships. Squadrons of fighter planes weaved below the clouds. -- June 6, 1944: The Longest Day Cornelius Ryan Samples The clown, a popular entrepreneur, performed for the continuous laughing audience. -Paul Symes Superman, the man of steel, saved the day. - Bryce Kelley The meteor, a fiery ball of fury, raced through the sky. - Dylan Siegel The meteor, a steaming hot boulder, killed almost 600,000 scared people. -Madison Budetti Now, you try it: • Harry’s son caught the biggest fish. • Harry’s son, ______________, caught the biggest fish. Let’s try another: • Hester lingered on the dock beneath a burning sun. Your Turn • Hester, _____________________, lingered on the dock beneath a burning sun. And finally: • Hayden sat looking into the ocean. Your Turn • Hayden, ________________________, sat looking into the ocean. Painting with Adjectives Out of Order • Used more commonly in fiction. Instead of stringing three adjectives in a row, like “ a large, red-eyed, and angry moose”, you would write “a large moose, red-eyed and angry,…”. It is the use of one adjective in its common place, and placing two other adjectives after the noun, usually set off by commas. Sample: I could smell Mama, crisp and starched, plumping my pillow, and the cool muslin pillowcase touched both my ears as the back of my head sank into all those feathers. A Day No Pigs Would Die Robert Newton Peck Samples Robin, hopeful and eager, ran like a bullet, trying to get the frightened women. -Rachel Handa Flash, big and bold, dove under the crackling red bridge. - Anonymous • Along the street, the actor, silly and grumpy, crawled rapidly like a one man parade. - James Choi Let’s Try One • Claudine was startled by a ghost. Your Turn • Claudine, _________ and ________, was startled by a ghost. Let’s try another: • The savage refused to release his love. Your Turn • The savage, ________ and ________, refused to release his love. And finally: • Saturn devoured his son. Your Turn • Saturn, _________ and ________, devoured his son. The last brush stroke is: • Painting with Action Verbs • Eliminating passive voice in verbs such as “was running, is walking, are jumping” and replacing them with action verbs, such as “running furiously around, walking slowly around the,”— eliminating “be” verbs like are, is, was, etc. This is a process of unfreezing still images by writing with an active voice. Sample: First Draft Rockwell was a beautiful lake. Canada geese could be heard across the water bugling like tuneless trumpets. Near the shore, two children were hidden behind a massive maple tree. Watching quietly, they hoped to see the first gosling begin to hatch. Tiny giggles escaped their whispers of excitement. Final Draft with Action Verbs Rockwell Lake echoed with the sounds of Canadian geese. Their honking bugled across the water like tuneless trumpets. Two children hid behind a massive maple tree. They silently watched, hoping to see the first gosling hatch. Tiny giggles escaped their whispers of excitement. Goose Moon by Shawn and Jerry Jividen Let’s try using action verbs: • The boys were riding their cruisers. Your Turn Let’s try another: • The master was meditating. Your Turn And finally: • Your partner at your table will give you an anchor sentence. Now, you add a brush stroke to your partner’s sentence: • Anchor sentence plus brush stroke: Review: Five Brush Strokes • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. Participle: verb + ing Absolutes: noun + ing verb Appositive: renames the noun Adjectives out of order: noun followed by adjectives • 5. Active verbs: eliminates passive voice