Download Sent Function, Sent Structure, Compound Sub

The Four Functions of Sentences
Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates
Sentence Structure
Run-on Sentences and Fragments
The Four Functions of Sentences
• Declarative Sentences
– State an idea and end with a period.
Examples:
– They waited at the station for the bus.
– In the fall, the trees will lose their leaves.
The Four Functions of Sentences
• Interrogative Sentences
– Asks a question and ends with a question mark.
Examples:
To whom did you give the book?
When will you get it back?
When the police interrogate a suspect, they ask
questions.
Interrogative sentences often begin with words such
as who, whom, what, when, where, how, and why?
The Four Functions of Sentences
• Imperative Sentences
– Give an order or a direction and end with a
period or an exclamation mark.
Examples
Turn left at the stoplight.
Listen to me.
The subject of most imperative sentences is
“you understood.”
The Four Functions of Sentences
• Exclamatory Sentences
– Convey strong emotion and end with an
exclamation mark.
Examples
Our school won first prize!
What an excitement there was!
Time Out for Practice!
• CLASS SET
• You have three minutes to complete
Exercise 1, page 87, ON YOUR OWN
PAPER.
GO!
(That’s an imperative sentence, by the way.)
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
• Every clause must have a subject and a
predicate.
• Sometimes the subject is made up of two
or more nouns and/or pronouns.
• Sometimes the predicate is made up of
two or more verbs.
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
• A Compound Subject
– Is two or more subjects that have the same
verb and are joined by a conjunction such as
and or or.
Examples
Pines and spruces are both evergreen trees.
Clothes or records make perfect gifts.
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
• A Compound Predicate
– Has two or more verbs that have the same
subject and is joined by a conjunction such as
and or or.
Examples
Jill wrote and performed her own music.
He will play golf or jog on Saturday.
Time Out for Practice!
• CLASS SET
• You have three minutes to complete BOTH
Exercise 1 AND 2, page 49, ON YOUR
OWN PAPER.
GO!
Sentence Structure
• Simple Sentences
– Consist of a single independent clause.
Examples
The alarm sounded.
Susan or Jim will go.
We laughed and shouted with joy.
Bill and I swam and fished throughout the day.
Sentence Structure
• Compound Sentences
– Have two or more independent clauses.
– The clauses are joined by either
• a comma and coordinating conjunction (fanboys)
• or a semicolon
Examples
I could watch television, or I could begin my chores.
Doug builds model airplanes; he flies them, too.
Sentence Structure
• Complex Sentences
– Consist of one independent clause and one or
more subordinate clause.
Examples
Although the desert has a harsh climate, many
creatures live there.
This is the day when summer begins.
Sentence Structure
• Complex Sentences
– Consist of one independent clause and one or
more subordinate clause.
– The subordinate clause often begins with a
• Relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that)
• Subordinating conjunction (after, as, as if, while, if,
though, because, since, so that, unless, until, etc.)
Sentence Structure
• Compound-Complex Sentences
– Consist of two or more independent clauses
and one or more subordinate clauses.
Examples
Stamp collecting is the hobby which I enjoy
most, and I have a huge collection.
When I finish the laundry, I’m going to the
market, but I’ll be back in time for dinner.
Time Out for Practice!
• You have five minutes to complete
Exercise 2 on BOTH pages 83 and 85.
GO!
Sentence Fragments
• A Fragment
– Is a group of words that do not express a
complete thought.
Examples
in the middle of the lake
the plane on the runway
when we were driving home
because he was hungry
Run-on Sentences
• A Run-On
– is two or more complete sentences that are not
properly joined or separated.
Run-on Sentences
• There are two kinds of run-ons.
– Two sentences that run together without any
punctuation between them
• Your body is supported by the skeletal system it
includes bones and joints.
– Two or more sentences separated on by a
comma
• Lewis and Clark headed west, they eventually
reached the Pacific.
Time Out for Practice!
• You have five minutes to complete
Exercise 2 on BOTH pages 95 and 99.
GO!