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Complement Notes Introduction to Complements • Sometimes just a subject and a verb by themselves will express a complete thought. • Examples: Rain fell. Birds sang. • Often, however, a subject and verb alone will not express a complete thought. • Examples: Tracy wrapped… • That is… • He seems… • The previous examples need other words to complete the thoughts begun by the subjects and verbs. These other words are called complements. • A complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a subject and verb. • Complements usually appear right after the verb or very close to it. Most complements are nouns, pronouns, or adjectives. Direct Objects • A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb. • A direct object follows an action verb. • You can find the direct object by asking what? or whom? after the action verb. • Formula for finding DO: subject + verb + what? or whom? = direct object • Examples: My older brother grew a beard. • The mayor rewarded the detective. • Direct objects can also be compound. • Examples: At the fair I bought a book and a scarf. • The principal chose Thomas, Kayla, and Sarah. • What is the direct object in the following sentences? • Today, I met Dr. Mason. • That shop makes small parts for jet engines. • A direct object is never an adverb or the noun or pronoun at the end of a prepositional phrase. These can also follow an action verb, so look carefully at the word to determine what it is doing in the sentence. • Examples: Tim left the room. • Tim left happily. • Tim left in the morning. • Many sentences will have a number of different words after the verb. • Notice how it is possible to combine the three sentences just discussed in this pattern. Subject + action verb + direct object + adverb + prepositional phrase • Tim left the room happily in the morning. • A direct object in a question will sometimes be found near the beginning of the sentence, before the verb. • If you find it hard to locate the direct object in a question, put the sentence in normal word order. • Examples: Inverted Order Normal order What has she taken from you? Which shirt do you like? She has taken what from you You do like which shirt Indirect Objects • An indirect object is only found in a sentence that has a direct object. • An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that follows an action verb and comes before a direct object. • It names a person or thing that something is given to or done for. • Always look for the direct object first in a sentence. Then look for the indirect object before it. • An indirect object answers the questions to or for whom? or to or for what? Examples: Lucy told him the news. I gave each paper a number. • Most sentences with indirect objects will follow the pattern: • Subject + action verb + indirect object + direct object • Example: Mrs. Lewis baked her family a cake. • An indirect object will almost always come between the verb and the direct object. Like direct objects, indirect objects can be compound. • Example: He gave Robin and Emily their assignments. • Do not confuse the indirect object with object of the preposition. • Examples: Bill gave them a map. • Bill gave a map to them. • Be sure to remember that direct objects and indirect objects follow action verbs! Subject Complements • Subject complements complete the meaning of a linking verb or describe the subject. • Nouns and pronouns used as subject complements are called predicate nouns and predicate pronouns. • Adjectives used as subject complements are called predicate adjectives. • Subject complements cannot be found in a prepositional phrase. Predicate Nominatives • Predicate nouns or pronouns are called predicate nominatives. • A predicate noun or pronoun is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and explains or identifies the subject of the sentence. • Examples: Barbara is a talented artist. • The capitol of Alabama is Montgomery. • The leader will be John. Predicate Adjectives • A linking verb may also be followed by a predicate adjective. • A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. • Examples: Her story seems strange to us. • Clipper ships were graceful. • Subject complements can also be compound. • That is, a linking verb may be followed by two or more predicate nouns, pronouns, or adjectives. • Examples: The living room looks warm and cozy. • The two musicians were Kevin and he.