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Rhetoric: The Art of Persuasion Rhetorical Devices English II PreAP Categories of Rhetorical Devices Terms involving emphasis, association, clarification, and focus Terms involving physical organization, transition, and disposition of arrangement Terms involving decoration and variety Expletive A single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal syntax, used to lend emphasis to the words immediately proximate to the expletive. Asyndeton Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses In a list of items, asyndeton gives the effect of multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account Polysyndeton Use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause Structurally the opposite of asyndeton Intended rhetorical effect is one of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up Understatement Deliberately expresses an idea as less important than it actually is either for ironic emphasis or for politeness and tact Parallelism Please learn to spell this word correctly! Recurrent syntactical similarity Several part of a sentence or several sentences are expressed similarly to show that the ideas in the parts or sentences are equal in importance Adds balance, rhythm, and clarity to the sentence Zeugma Grammatically correct linkage (or yoking together) of two or more parts of speech by another part of speech Examples: one subject with two verbs; a verb with two direct objects Main benefit of the linking is that it shows relationships between ideas and actions more clearly Antithesis Establishes a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together in parallel structure Creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas Anaphora Repetition of the same word or words at the beginning or successive phrases, clauses, or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and with parallelism Often used in conjunction with rhetorical questions Epistrophe Counterpart to anaphora Repetition o f the same word or words at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences Please note… These terms are intended for use on the multiple choice section of the exam and in your own writing. They are DEVICES—not techniques— which means you should not focus on them in your analysis of timed writings