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Sentence Patterns S-V S-V-O Rocks explode. Lizards like rocks. S-V-SC Lizards are lazy. Dinosaurs grew large. They became extinct. A frog is on the rock. S-V: Subject-Verb: This pattern uses an intransitive verb. Intransitive verbs take no direct object. S-V-O: Subject-Verb-Object: This pattern uses a transitive verb. Transitive verbs take direct objects. (Direct objects answer “Who?” or “What?” They are used with action verbs only. S-V-SC: Subject-Verb-Subject Complement: This pattern uses a linking verb. Linking verbs require some kind of subject complement to finish the thought. Subject complements can be nouns, adjectives, or prepositional phrases. Pattern 1, subject + verb Rocks explode. Rocks explode. Pattern 1, subject + verb Ghosts walk. Fish swim. Penguins waddle. Balloons pop. The elephant swaggered. The ice cream melted. The strawberry ice cream cone with the cherry on top of it melted. The verb in a Pattern 1 sentence does not have to be the last word of the sentence. Happy little bluebirds fly beyond the rainbow. bluebirds fly rainbow Pattern 2: Subject + Verb + Direct Object Everybody loves Raymond. Everybody loves Raymond. A DIRECT OBJECT answers the question “Who?” or “What?” to the verb. DIRECT OBJECTS apply only to action verbs (not linking verbs). Pattern 2: Subject + Verb + Direct Object We ate pepperoni pizza. We ate pizza. Transitive verbs are verbs that take direct objects. DIRECT OBJECTS apply only to action verbs (not linking verbs). Pattern 3: Subject + Verb + Subject Complement Elephants are mammals. Elephants are mammals. When the subject complement is a noun (or pronoun), it RENAMES the subject and the sentence is reversible. (Mammals are elephants.) We use the “back-slash” to indicate that the subject complement refers back to the subject. Pattern 3: Subject + Verb + Subject Complement Elephants are large. Elephants are large. When the subject complement is a noun (or pronoun), it RENAMES the subject and the sentence is reversible. (Mammals are elephants.) We use the “back-slash” to indicate that the subject complement refers back to the subject. Pattern 3: Subject + Verb + Subject Complement Elephants look pretty . Elephants look pretty. A few other verbs sometimes get treated like linking verbs: look, feel, sound, smell, taste, become, grow, appear