Download adjectives - Amy Benjamin

Out of the words,
students make
phrases;
Out of the phrases,
students make
sentences;
Phrase: part of a sentence
Sentence: You can put the
words “IT IS TRUE THAT…”
in front of words that make a
sentence;
Out of the sentences,
students make
subordinate clauses;
A sentence has a SUBJECT
and a PREDICATE, like a
bicycle has two wheels
Out of the subordinate clauses, (see next slide)
students make complex
sentences
Subordinating conjunctions: AAAWWUBBIS:
although, as, after
while, when
until
because, before
if
since
To create a complex sentence:
The “basket” (subordinate clause) can
be placed on the back of the bike
(no comma necessary) or on the
front of the bike (needs a comma).
Gardening is my favorite weekend activity
Because I like worms
,
because I like worms.
gardening is my favorite activity.
Gardening is my favorite activity on a rainy day because I like worms.
(add modifiers: When? Where? Why? How? To What Extent?)
Kinds of Information
Noun Phrases:
Who?
What?
Adjective Structures
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
Verb structures:
What is its action?
What is its nature?
Adverb structures:
Where?
When?
Why?
In what manner?
How often?
Two Categories of Words in English
Form Class Words:
Structure Class Words:
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Determiners (aka
articles: a, an, the)
Intensifers
Pronouns
Interjections
Form and Function
Form: What the word IS
Function: What the word CAN DO in a sentence
(its job in the sentence)
Ex: The word “animal” is a noun in form.
(the animal, the animals)
The word “animal” an function as an adjective:
Animal house (What kind of house?)
Morphology Chart
Noun:
The…
Verb:
They…
He/She…
Is…
_______yesterday
Adjective
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
The___truck
Adverb
Where? When?
Why? To what
extent? In what
manner?
arrogance
urbanite
urbanism
urbanize
urbanizes
urbanizing
urbanized
arrogant
urban
arrogantly
urbanization
Morphology Chart
NOUNS:
VERBS:
ADJECTIVES:
ADVERBS:
They will fit into the frame:
The_____.
They will fit into the frame:
To____
They answer one of these
questions:
Which one?
What kind?
How many?
They answer one of these
questions:
Where? When? Why?
To what extent? How
often?
In what manner?
Product, products
Productivity
Produce
Productiveness
Produce
Produces
Producing
Produced
Productive
Productively
Expense,
expenses
expensiveness
Expend
Expends
Expending
expended
Expensive
Expensively
Saturday
Topics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Language Tree for brainstorming vocabulary
Possessives
Verbscape
Irregular verb patterns
Adverbs and Adjectives with action or linking verbs
Expanding nominals
Language Tree: Nouns
Places:
THE…
People, Animals:
Common nouns:
Proper nouns:
Noun-making suffixes:
--tion, --sion,--ity,--ment,
--ness, --hood,--tude
The Language Tree:
Adjectives
What kind?
Comparative form: -er; more….
Superlative form: -est; most…
The_______truck
Very…
Which one? (Noun determiners)
a, an, the;
this, that, these, those…
first, secondl…
last
How many?
The Language Tree:
Verbs
Linking Verbs:
Action verbs:
BE: is, am, are, was,
were, be, being, been
Sense Verbs: look,
sound, feel, taste
Seem Verbs: appear,
grow, seem
I _______(base form)
He______s (S form)
I am _____ing (ing form)
I_______ed (yesterday)
Verbals (off-duty verbs)
Infinitives
Gerund
Participles
Active voice:
Passive voice:
Auxiliaries: Have; Be
Modal Auxiliaries: will, shall, would, could, should, can
may, might, must
The Language Tree
Adjective Branches:
very___________
Noun Branches:
Verb Branches:
very___________
very___________
can___________
can___________
the______________ very___________
the______________
the______________
very___________
can___________
can___________
can___________
the______________
can___________
the______________
the______________
Prepositional Phrase Branches:
in________________
on________________
at_______________
for________________
with________________
Topic: ______________________________
Possessives
his books
Michael
Michael ‘s books
Possessives
his books
James
James ‘s books
OR: James’ books
Possessives
The boys
Their troubles
Their school
Their mother
Their mothers
The boys’ troubles; the boys’ school; the boys’ mother; the boys’ mothers
Possessives
The men
Their troubles
Their school
Their mother
Their mothers
The men’s troubles; the men’s school; the men’s mother; the men’s mothers
What is owned is in the backpack.
We use an apostrophe to put it in the backpack!
The “my” or “his” test:
My friend
borrowed his IPod.
Ichabod’s friend
borrowed Mortimer’s IPod.
Use the ‘s form any time you could substitute
the word “my” or “his” in the phrase.
English Regular Verb Patterns
Base form
I walk.
to walk (infinitive)
I walk on the
treadmill every
day.
To walk on the
treadmill is
my hobby.
S form
He walks.
ING form
She is walking.
Past and
Participial form
(have…)
She walked yesterday.
(past)
(present progressive) We have walked
four miles already.
She was walking.
(present perfect)
(past progressive)
(Can be used as an
adjective*)
(Can be used as an
adjective)
The walking child… The walked dog is
a happy dog.
*An adjective that is
(Can create the
formed from a verb
passive voice)
is called a participial The dog was walked
adjective.
an hour ago.
Walking (gerund: ING
form used as a noun)
on the treadmill is my
hobby.
English Regular Verb Patterns
Verbals: A verb form that is used as
another part of speech:
1. Participle: (acts as adjective)
the dancing bear;
the stolen cookie
2. Infinitive: (acts as noun)
Let us never fear to negotiate.
3. Gerund: (Acts as noun)
Teaching makes me happy.
English Regular Verb Patterns
Base form
I walk.
to walk (infinitive)
I walk on the
treadmill every
day.
To walk on the
treadmill is
my hobby.
S form
He walks.
ING form
She is walking.
Past and
Participial form
(have…)
She walked yesterday.
(past)
(present progressive) We have walked
four miles already.
She was walking.
(present perfect)
(past progressive)
(Can be used as an
adjective*)
(Can be used as an
adjective)
The walking child… The walked dog is
a happy dog.
*An adjective that is
(Can create the
formed from a verb
passive voice)
is called a participial The dog was walked
adjective.
an hour ago.
Walking (gerund: ING
form used as a noun)
on the treadmill is my
hobby.
English Regular Verb Patterns
Verbals: A verb form that is used as
another part of speech:
1. Participle: (acts as adjective)
the dancing bear;
the stolen cookie
2. Infinitive: (acts as noun)
Let us never fear to negotiate.
3. Gerund: (Acts as noun)
Teaching makes me happy.
I bring; I brought; I have brought
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I sing; I sang; I have sung
I see; I saw; I have seen
I hit; I hit; I have hit
I fly; I flew; I have flown
I steal, I stole, I have stolen
I pay, I paid, I have paid
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I bring; I brought; I have brought
Other irregular verbs with this pattern:
teach, taught, have taught
buy, bought, bought
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I sing; I sang; I have sung
Other irregular verbs with this pattern:
ring, rang, have rung
drink, drank, have drunk
shrink, shrank, have shrunk
Sound-alikes, but NOT IRREG:
blink, blinked, have blinked
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I hit; I hit; I have hit
Sound-alikes, but IRREGULAR
in a different way:
sit, sat, have sat
Put, put, have put
Set, set, have set
Bet, bet, have bet
Cut, cut, have cut
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I fly; I flew; I have flown
Sound-alikes, but
NOT IRREG:
Try, tried, have tried
Cry, cried, have cried
Flow, flowed, have flowed
Glow, glowed, have glowed
Know, knew, have known
Blow, blew, have blown
Grow, grew, have grown
Sound alikes, but IRREGULAR
in a different way:
show, showed, have shown
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I see; I saw; I have seen
Other verbs that have no matching pattern:
Go, went, have gone
BE: Is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I steal, I stole, I have stolen
speak, spoke, have spoken
take, took, have taken
Sound-alikes that are
NOT IRREG:
reveal, revealed, have revealed
seal, sealed, have sealed
creak, creaked, have creaked
IRREGULAR VERB PATTERNS:
I pay, I paid, I have paid
Sound-alikes that are
NOT IRREG:
say, said, have said
lay, laid, have laid
relay, relayed, have relayed
convey, conveyed, have conveyed
stay, stayed, stayed
pray, prayed, have prayed
spray, sprayed, have sprayed
Sound-alikes that are IRREGULAR in
a different way:
slay, slew, have slain
lie, lay, have lain
Base form: walk, sing
Progressive form: walking, singing
Past form: walked, sang
Participial form: (have) walked, (have sung)
Verb Land, USA
Active Voice: I stole the cookie
from the cookie jar.
Passive Voice: The cookie was
stolen from the cookie jar by me.
(BE + Participial form= passive voice)
“Where We Find Out
the Action of Things”
ACTION TOWN
Verbals:
1. Participle: (acts as adjective)
ACTION verbs are modified by
adverbs:She sings happily.
the dancing bear;
the stolen cookie
2. Infinitive: (acts as noun)
Let us never fear to negotiate.
3. Gerund: (Acts as noun)
Teaching makes me happy.
ACTION verbs take objective case pronouns as objects:
We saw him steal the cookie from the cookie jar.
Auxiliaries:
Modal Auxiliaries:
Would Will
Have: creates
the perfect tenses Should Shall
Could
May
(has sung, etc.)
Can
Might
Be: creates the
Must
progressive tenses
(am singing, etc.)
Auxiliaries and
modal auxiliaries
combine with action
verbs to create various
tenses.
TO BE:
I am,was We are,were
You are
;were
He, she, it is They are,were
Sense Verbs:
feel, look, sound
smell, taste
Also: seem,
become, appear
grow
BE TOWN
“Where We Find Out the
Nature of Things”
BE verbs are completed by
adjectives: He is happy.
BE verbs take subjective
case pronouns
as complements:
It was I who stole the cookie from
the cookie jar.
Action verbs are modified by adverbs.
bouncy
shy
friendly
shyly
vivaciously
protectiveprotectively
Pepper is… recklessly
hungry
silly
Pepper behaves…
cautiously
jovially
Pepper looks..
Pepper seems…
Pepper became…
playfully playful
adventurously
curiously
Linking verbs are completed
by adjectives.
adventurous
curious
Linking verbs
tell the nature of
things.
Linking verbs: BE, + sense verbs: look, sound, smell, feel; seem verbs: seem appear,
become, grow
The expandable, shrinkable
nominal (noun + its modifiers)
The expandable, shrinkable nominal
standing over the fish bowl
the
curious
IT
little
pink
on the bookshelf,
looking hungrily at the
rainbow fish
Order of adjectives:
cute
two
well-trained these
Himalayan
little
Sentence Patterns
S-V*
S-V-O*
S-V-SC
Rocks explode.
Lizards like rocks.
Rocks are expensive.
A diamond is a rock.
*SV: Subject-Verb: This pattern uses an intransitive verb. Intransitive verbs take
no direct object.
*S-V-O: Subject-Verb-Object: This pattern uses a transitive verb. Transitive verbs
take direct objects. (Direct objects answer Who? Or What? They are used with
action verbs only.
*S-V-SC: Subject-Verb-Subject Complement: This pattern uses a linking verb.
Linking verbs take subject complements, which can be either nouns (and when
pronouns, are in the subjective case) or adjectives.
A CONCRETE IMAGE OF HOW SENTENCES WORK
Informal and formal English
got, gotta
hafta
gonna
have, have to
going to
want to
wanna
let me
lemme
would have, should have,
could have
woulda, shoulda,
coulda
because
cuz
Informal and formal English
backpack
briefcase
flip-flops
dress shoes
McDonald’s
sit-down restaurant
frisbee on the
lawn
football on the team
snack
zapping/nuking
lunch
cooking, baking, roasting