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Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections
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A word used to express action or a state of being
 Helping or main
 Action or linking
 Transitive or intransitive
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Helping verb helps the main verb express action or a state of
being
helping verb + main verb = verb phrase
Helping Verbs
am be
have
is
being has
are been had
was
were
do
does
did
shall
may can
will
might could
should must
would
Examples:

They have been working on the project since six
o’clock.

Will you be going to the game this afternoon?
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The Florida Gators have won two national football
championships!
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The students are not singing in the choir.
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Expresses either physical or mental activity
Examples:
 The students collected Capri Suns and soda can
caps to recycle.

The artist painted a scene of Central Park and
then presented her work to an audience.

Connects the subject to a word or word group that
identifies or describes the subject
Forms of Be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Other forms:
appear
grow
seem
taste
become
look
smell
turn
feel
remain
sound
stay
Examples:
 The director appeared to be irritated with his lead
actor.

You were a great help during the fundraiser!

Do you still feel sick today?

The pumpkin pie on the table looks delectable!
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Transitive – expresses an action directed toward a
person, place, thing, or idea
 Answers the question “what”
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Intransitive – expresses action that is not directed
toward a person, place, thing, or idea
 Is usually followed by an adverb or prepositional phrase
Examples:
Mozart wrote his first composition at age five.
(transitive)
Mozart wrote with great feeling and expression.
(intransitive)
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Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Tells where, when, how, or to what extent (how much or
how long)
Examples:
Marcus easily lifted the sixty pound weights.
We will begin the new chapter tomorrow.
Camille hid the key nearby.
Soon, they will be ready for the big game.
Do not go in the room!
He often practices the guitar after school.
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Many adverbs end in “-ly”
“sweet” = adjective
Ex: That cake is so sweet!
“sweetly” = adverb
The little girl sang sweetly.
Adjective + -ly = Adverb
harmless + -ly = harmlessly
Examples:
Mr. Gordon recently arrived from Austria.
Rosa speaks three languages fluently.

Shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, called the
object of the preposition, to another word
Examples:
OP
The folder on the ground.
The folder in the drawer
The folder on the desk.
The folder that is sitting next to the desk.

There is a twenty-dollar bill underneath the table.

Without thinking about it, Harry dove into the ice water.

Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein on a dreary night
in Lord Byron’s home.

The basketball team played in spite of their poor health.
Examples:
Please turn around.
- adverb
Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs have traveled around the world.
- preposition.
The kids ran outside during the fireworks show.
- adverb
Meet me outside the gym in the morning.
- preposition
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A word used to join words or groups
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

Correlative conjunctions – pairs
both…and
whether…or
either…or
not only…but also
neither…nor
The student arrived ready but a little nervous for the test.
 Batman and Robin solved the crime.
 Be sure to ask Sheila or Marcy for directions to the park.
 Not only did Rosie win first place, but she is also going to
the regional competition.
 Both Stephen and Dwayne are feeling better.
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A word used to express emotion
Is followed by an exclamation point or comma.
Usually comes at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples
Eureka! I’ve solved the mystery!
Yay! We won the championship game!
No, I don’t need any more paper.
Can you please bring me a pen?