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NOUN A person, place, thing, or idea Can be common or proper In the Olympic Peninsula of northwest Washington State, a small town named Forks existed under a near-constant cover of clouds. I sneaked a swift look out the window to see that Charlie was already gone. One girl sat next to me in both Trig and Spanish, and she walked with me to the cafeteria for lunch. Underline the nouns While wandering around the store, the child lost his mother and began to cry. The Bichon Frise is known to jump high enough to grab food off the counter. Students at Becker Middle School are some of the best writers in the district. After building a snow fort in the backyard, my brother decided to bury me in the snow. White chocolate mocha with whipped cream is one of my favorite drinks from Starbucks. Write five sentences. Include at least three proper nouns and at least ten common nouns. Underline them. Pronoun Replaces a noun. Can be definite (specific) or indefinite. Antecedents are the nouns they replace. Personal pronouns = I, me, my, we, us, our, ours, she, her, hers, he, him, his, it, its, you, your “My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last week. You must be Bella Swan.” Underline the pronouns. Draw an arrow to the antecedent. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were celebrating their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary. Joe decided to take them to their favorite Italian restaurant. The meal would be fairly expensive, but he had been saving for it for a couple of months. “May I come, too?” Megan asked her brother as she sat down. “Since I can’t afford more than three dinners,” Joe responded, patting his sister on the arm, “you will have to pay for your meal yourself.” Write five sentences using at least five pronouns. Underline the pronouns. Draw arrows to the antecedents. Verb Action verbs show mental or physical action. Linking verbs link the subject with another word that renames it or describes it. Helping verbs help action and linking verbs to express tense, mood and voice. Linking Verbs Be, am, is, are, was, were, appear, become, feel, look, seem, smell Example: Dinner smells wonderful. You seem tired today. Mrs. Bandhauer is a teacher at Becker Middle School. Helping Verbs Do, does, did Have, has, had May, might, must Should, would, could Is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been Helping Verb Examples: Cassie was helping Katie open her stuck locker. Brenna had walked into school only to realize she forgot her lunch. Emre should have brought a white chocolate mocha to his teacher, so he could earn an “A.” Verb Action verbs show mental or physical action. Linking verbs link the subject with another word that renames it or describes it. Helping verbs help action and linking verbs to express tense, mood and voice. The rain had drifted away, but the wind was strong, and colder. Edward Cullen’s back stiffened, and he turned slowly to glare at me – his face was absurdly handsome – with piercing, hatefilled eyes. Verb (cont.) I made my way to English in a daze. (action verb only) My positive opinion of his looks was damaged by the first words out of his mouth. (action verb plus a helping verb) The Danag was a Filipino vampire supposedly responsible for planting taro on the island. (linking verb connecting the predicate nominative – vampire to the subject – Danag) Underline the verbs. Label the verbs correctly. Danni was running down the street chasing her dog. I am going to give you a 200 point test tomorrow. After the potatoes were mashed, and I was asleep on the couch. The turkey smelled so good that my mouth kept watering. You’re never alone if you’re reading a book. (This one is tricky.) Transitive verbs are action verbs that express an action directed toward a person or thing (direct object). Intransitive verbs are action verbs that express an action without passing the action to a receiver. Example: Transitive Steve helped his brother. Please carry the boxes. Intransitive The bus skidded on the wet pavement. The woman spoke softly to the children. Copy the sentences. Tell whether the action verb is transitive (T) or intransitive (INT). If the verb is transitive, draw an arrow to the direct object. A blanket of warm air pulled at their anchor lines. Thunderstorms rumbled along the edge of the storm front. The wind nudged the smaller boats against the floating docks. The harbor master checked the lines of the rowboats. She climbed into one of the dinghies and started the motor. Copy the sentences. Tell whether the action verb is transitive (T) or intransitive (INT). If the verb is transitive, draw an arrow to the direct object. (One sentence has both a transitive and an intransitive verb. ) Brynn walked her dog down the street to her friend’s house. Parker played on the computer after school. Gabie stole Kaitie’s pencil from her desk. Mr. Larson coached our basketball team last year. Mrs. Schutze ran a marathon two years ago and set a new record. The decorations at Disneyland surprised me. Stephanie wrote in her journal. Bailey tripped and fell in the mud. Jake locked his bicycle in the rack in front of school. While riding his bike to school, Andres was chased by a dog. Adjective Describes a noun or pronoun. Answer one of four questions: what kind, how many, how much, which one As I waited, trying to pretend that the earsplitting rumble was coming from someone else’s car, I saw the two Cullens and the Hale twins getting into their car. Mr. Banner backed into the room then – what superb timing the man had – pulling a tall, metal frame on wheels that held a heavy-looking, outdated TV and VCR. Adverb Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Answers one of four questions: how, when, where, to what extent How? cautiously approached, walk quietly When? report later, will leave soon, arrive tomorrow Where? drove down, is here, jump away To what extent? nearly won, hardly counted, had almost left Conjunction Connects two or more items including clauses, phrases, or lists of ideas Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) for, and, nor, but, or, your, so My cousin and his wife left yesterday. (connecting nouns) They printed out directions but forgot to bring them. (connecting verbs) Conjunctions continued. Correlative Conjunctions both…and neither…nor whether…or either…or not only…but also Ex. The attack on Pearl Harbor was not only unexpected but also devastating. Preposition Used with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to show a relationship between the phrase and another word or words in the sentence. Often used as adjective or adverb phrases The girls said to the students. The boys played basketball at noon. Compound prepositionsex. The girls played in view of the gym. The girls played in back of the gym. Interjection A word used to express emotion within a sentence. Often onomatopoeic in nature An interjection expresses feeling or emotion and functions independently from the rest of a sentence. Wow! I won a million dollars. (joy) Oh, I didn’t expect to hear from you. (surprise) Ouch! That hurts. (pain) Tsk! How long do they expect me to wait? (impatience) I, uh, think we should leave now. (hesitation)