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Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Verb Adjective Adverb Conjunction Preposition Interjection ADJECTIVES • An ADJECTIVE is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. • Modifiers limit or change the meanings of other words. ADJECTIVES •Adjectives answer one of the following questions: •Which one? •What kind? •How many? •How much? ADJECTIVES • Adjectives usually appear before the noun or pronoun that they modify but can be in other positions as well. •Example: She is clever. •The sky, which had been clear all day, became cloudy. ADJECTIVES • • The most common adjectives are called ARTICLES. Articles are: • A: Indefinite article, refers to one of a general group • An: Indefinite article • The: Definite article, refers to a specific person, place or thing ADJECTIVES • • An adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence is called the predicate adjective. Unlike most adjectives, predicate adjectives are separated from the words they modify. VERBS A VERB expresses action, condition or state of being. • Action Verbs: tell that something is happening, has happened, or will happen. May describe physical or mental or unseen action. • Physical: run, jump, shout, sing. • Unseen/Mental: review, ponder, trust, evaluate VERBS TRANSITIVE VERBS • Verbs that have direct objects • They express action toward a person or thing named in the sentence. • Direct objects answer who? or what? after an action verb. VERBS Example of transitive verb • They extended the ladder to the second floor. What did they extend? Ladder (d.o.) • She trusts her friend. Whom does she trust? Friend (d.o.) VERBS INTRANSITIVE VERBS • Verbs that do not have direct objects • Often used when the emphasis is on the action rather than on the person or thing affected by it. VERBS Example of intransitive verb • We met in the park. 1. Identify the verb. 2. Is it action or linking? LINKING VERBS ARE ALWAYS INTRANSITIVE 3. Is there a direct object? Emphasis in this sent. is on “met.” VERBS Comparing transitive and intransitive Ella swam the channel. (transitive) Ella swam for many hours. (intransitive) • Where is emphasis in each sentence? VERBS Comparing transitive and intransitive Mrs. Williams weeds the garden every day. Mrs. Williams weeds every day. VERBS • • Linking verbs: sometimes called state-of-being verbs, link the subject with the predicate. To be a linking verb, the verb must be followed by a noun, pronoun or adjective that refers to the subject • “Link” between two words VERBS COMMON LINKING VERBS be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being)—this is most common l.v. become smell grow look taste appear feel seem sound remain symbolize *In your papers, replace with stronger verb VERBS Helping Verbs Helping verbs=auxiliary verbs • The main verb and one or more helping verbs make up the verb phrase. Helping Verb(s) + Main Verb = Verb Phrase am + laughing= am laughing VERBS COMMON HELPING VERBS Be: is, am, are, was,were, be been, being Have: has, have, had Do: do, does, did • can, will, shall, may, must, could, would, should, might