Download Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
Review
Noun: names a person, place, thing, or
idea
Proper- names specific people, places, or
things (first letter is always capitalized)
Common- names general groups, places,
people, or things
Concrete- names things experienced
through the senses
Abstract- names things not knowable
through the senses
Collective- names groups
Nouns: examples
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
woman
Mary, Queen Isabella, Princess Kate
nation
United States, Italy, Switzerland
event
French Revolution, Boston Tea Party
language
English, Spanish, French
holiday
Fourth of July, Christmas, Easter
Concrete Nouns
water, gum, towel, shoe, Melissa,
The Spanish Steps
Abstract Nouns
peace, honor, rebellion, dedication,
determination, Manifest Destiny
Collective Nouns
jury, band, family, class, team
Pronoun: takes the place of a noun
Personal- refers to people or things
Relative- introduces certain noun clauses
and adjective clauses
Interrogative- introduces a question
Demonstrative- points out the antecedent
Reflexive or Intensive- reflects back to the
antecedent; intensifies the antecedent
Indefinite- refers to nonspecific persons or
things
Pronouns: Examples
(Personal Pronouns)
Singular
Plural
First Person
I, me, my, mine
we, us, our, ours
Second Person
you, your, yours
you, your yours
Third Person
he, him, his, she, her,
hers, it, its
they, them, their, theirs
I told her that I would see him this afternoon.
(Reflexive/Intensive
Pronouns)
Singular
Plural
First Person
myself
ourselves
Second Person
yourself
yourselves
Third Person
himself, herself, itself
themselves
Mary excused herself from the table. (reflexive)
William Shakespeare himself wrote the script. (intensive)
Demonstrative Pronouns
this that these those
These are the cupcakes I brought for Susan’s birthday.
Is this the book I need for class?
Interrogative Pronouns
who whom which what whose
What is the next step in getting my driver’s license?
Whose turn is it?
Relative Pronouns
that which who whom whose
The college that I went to is in college.
The girl who looks like my sister is my best friend.
Indefinite all another any anybody anyone anything both each
Pronouns either everybody everyone everything few many more
most much neither nobody none no one nothing one
other several some somebody someone something such
All of the vegetables were washed. (antecedent = vegetables)
Did everyone decide to go to the movie? (no antecedent)
Verb: expresses action, occurrence, or
state of being
(Hint: If you’re unsure if a word in a
sentence is a verb, try replacing it for a
different tense of the word. If the sentence
still makes sense, the word is a verb.)
Adjective: modifies a noun or pronoun;
includes articles a, an, and the
Determiners- called limiting adjectives, tell
whether a noun is a general or specific
noun; Answers the questions: which one,
how many, whose, etc.
The, a, an, those, that, this, these, any, few,
each, other, some, what, which, whose, one,
first, two, second, my, your, their…
What Kind?
red buttons, fragrant perfume, delicious meal, elegant gown
Which One?
this class, those papers, last chance, next step
How Many?
two cupcakes, several days, both parents, many voters
How Much?
some sugar, more money, enough effort, less butter
Adverb: modifies a verb, adjective, or
another adverb
 Descriptive adverbs- show levels of intensity,
usually by adding more (or less) and most (or
least)
 Relative adverbs- words such as where, why,
and when. Used to introduce adjective clauses
 Conjunctive adverbs- describe or limit by
creating logical connections to give words
meaning.
Also, furthermore, moreover, besides, however, still,
nevertheless, conversely, nonetheless, instead,
otherwise, similarly, likewise, therefore, thus,
consequently, accordingly, hence, then, next,
meanwhile, finally, indeed, certainly
Preposition: shows relationship between
a noun or pronoun and another word in a
sentence
About, according to, after, along, among,
above, across, against, along with, apart
from, around, as, by, by means of, behind,
below, beneath, beside, except, in addition
to….
A prepositional phrase consists of a
preposition and the words it modifies.
Conjunction: connects words, phrases, or
clauses
Coordinating conjunction- connects two or
more grammatically equal words, phrases,
or clauses
Subordinating conjunction- two
conjunctions that work as a pair
Both and…not only, but also…
Interjection: a word or expression that
conveys surprise or a strong emotion
Hooray!
The Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that
expresses a complete thought.
A sentence must have two parts: the
subject and the predicate.
The subject tells whom or what the sentence is
about.
The predicate tells something about the subject.
Examples:
Jenny laughed.
Rain pelted the players.
Simple Subject
The simple subject is the main word or
group of words that tells whom or what the
sentence is about.
The view from the observatory on the top floor
of the building is extraordinary.
Lasting for eight days, Hanukkah celebrates
the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem in
165 B.C.
Simple Predicate
The simple predicate is a verb or verb
phrase that tells something about the
subject.
The freshmen won Spirit Week.
The victorious freshmen were completely
surrounded by admirers. [The complete
predicate is were completely surrounded by
admirers.]
Compound Subject & Compound
Verb
A compound subject consists of two or
more subjects that are joined by a
conjunction and have the same verb.
East Germany and West Germany have been
reunited.
A compound verb consists of two or more
verbs that are joined by a conjunction and
have the same subject.
I read the book but missed the movie.
Linking Verbs
A linking verb is a verb that connects the
subject with a noun, a pronoun, or an
adjective that describes or identifies the
subject.
Common Linking Verbs
am, is, are, was, were, being, be, can be, may be,
might be, must be, shall be, will be, could be, should
be, would be, has been, have been, had been, shall
have been, will have been, could have been, should
have been, would have been
appear, become, feel grow, look, remain, seem,
smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
Compliments
A compliment is a word or word group that
completes the meaning of a predicate.
Some sentences are complete with only a
subject and a verb: (Example: She won.)
Other sentences require one or more
compliments to complete their meaning.
They mailed
They mailed me the information.
Predicate nominative
 A predicate nominative is a noun or a pronoun
that follows a linking verb and refers to the
same person or thing as the subject of a
verb.
William Shakespeare is my favorite writer.
[Writer refers to the subject, William
Shakespeare.]
Predicate Adjective
A predicate adjective is an adjective that
follows a linking verb and modifies the
subject of the verb.
Your ‘Merica Monday ensemble is festive. [The
adjective festive modifies the subject
ensemble.]
Direct Object: a noun or a pronoun
that receives the action of the verb or
shows the result of the action.
A direct object tells whom or what after an
action verb.
Examples:
Sister Anne Catherine uses the Gospel to lead
us in morning prayer.
I miss you.
Indirect Object: a noun or a pronoun
that comes between an action verb
and a direct object.
Indirect objects tell to whom or to what the
action of the verb is done.
Examples:
The Swedish Academy awarded Octavio Paz
the 1990 Nobel Prize in literature. [Awarded the
prize to whom?]
Julie’s part-time work experience landed her a
full-time position. [Landed the position for
whom?]