Download 9th Grade Grammar Review - River Dell Regional School District

9th Grade Grammar Review
Pronoun References and Parallelism
What can go wrong in a sentence?
 Subject –Verb Agreement
 Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
 Incorrect Pronoun Case
 Modifiers (Dangling and Misplaced)
 Lack of parallelism
 Unclear Pronoun Reference (ambiguous, general and weak)
 Run ons – Comma splice
Do you remember?
An organization of homeowners and
merchants has been formed to keep the
A
B
mayor informed of their concerns about the
C
D
proposal to build a new stadium.
No error.
E
What is wrong here?
The achievements as well as the failures of
the space program has been a matter of
A
B
contention for many years as interest groups
of many kinds compete for a share of the
C
D
federal budget. No error.
E
What is wrong here?
The argument between he and his friends
A
forced him to find a new lunch table, and he
B
C
eventually moved on to a new and better
D
group of friends. No error.
E
How to improve a sentence…
Driving to Litchfield, the freezing rain made the road slippery and
hazardous.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Driving to Litchfield
While we drove to Litchfield
Enroute to Litchfield
To drive to Litchfield
We drove to Litchfield
What can go wrong in a sentence?
 Subject –Verb Agreement
 Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
 Incorrect Pronoun Case
 Modifiers (Dangling and Misplaced)
 Lack of parallelism
 Unclear Pronoun Reference (ambiguous, general
and weak)
 Run ons – Comma splice
Parallelism
 Parallel ideas in a series should be expressed in the same
grammatical form.
 Her parents objected to the loud music she played and to the
late hours she kept.
 Parallel prepositional phrases
 Verbs also must be coordinated
 Going out to eat no longer thrills me as much as to cook at
home.
 Going out to eat no longer thrills me as much as cooking at
home.
Error?
Its large size, simple structure, and how readily available it is,
make the common cockroach convenient to study.
Error?
One of the accident victims suffered a broken arm, several
broken ribs, and one of her lungs was punctured.
Error?
Water skiing no longer interests me as much as to go scuba
diving.
Error?
Ms. Connor’s lectures are easier to comprehend than
Ms. Moore.
Pronoun Problems
Pronouns refer clearly to the nouns that they replace.
The teacher told the student that it was her responsibility to
hand out the books.
Mike became a good friend of Mark’s after he helped him repair
his car.
When Dave phoned his father, he wasn’t feeling well.
Implied Reference
 Watch out for it, they, and you and the relative pronouns
which, that and this.
 On the news last night, they said that unemployment is down
again.
 On the news last night, Brian Williams said that
unemployment is down again.
Practice
Choose the letter that identifies the error in the
sentences that follow
Upon reviewing a map of his property, John realized that he
A
could not build the barn where he had intended because
B
it belonged to a neighboring farmer. No error.
C
D
E
Because a basketball scout from the university was in the
A
B
bleachers, Kurt’s coach knew that it was essential for him to
C
D
play well during the final game against their school’s arch-rival.
No error.
E
Excessive sugar intake can lead to addiction, obesity, and
A
B C
to a person with diabetes. No error.
D
E
In a beginning ballet class, a dancer learns the five positions,
A
B
about ballet’s history, and arm exercises. No error.
C
D
E