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Grammar
English I
Grammar Pre-test
1-4
5-9
10-11
12-15
16-20
21-24
25-35
36-41
parts of speech
sent. types *
prep. ph.
types of ph. *
ind./dep. Cl.
types of dep. cl. *
sub./v. agree
pron./ant. agree *
pronouns *
42-46
47-50
51-54
55-61
62-65
66-70
correct word usage *
capitalize
punct.
punct. *
contract. & possess.
frags & run ons
Confusing Words
Correct Word Usage
• Work with a partner or
independently (15 minutes)
• Choose a word pair to teach
the class—YOU are the
EXPERT
• Look online & synthesize
information—compare
information on different sites
• Teach the meanings and any
special rules; give examples
and give practice sentences
(on the board)
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Then/than
Among/between
Accept/except
Capitol/capital
Assure/insure/ensure
Affect/effect
Sometimes/some times
Anyone/any one
Already/all ready
Everyday/every day
All right/ alright
Council/counsel
Stationery/stationary
Principle/principal
Cite/site/sight
Rise/raise
Lie/lay
Among:
preposition
used with more than 2 people/things
Let’s keep the secret among the four of
us.
Between:
1. Ralph & Laura are trying
to decide ___ Bermuda
and Nova Scotia for
their honeymoon.
2. It will be difficult to
distribute that amount of
money ___ the many
worthy charities in the
state.
preposition
used with only 2 people/things
Let’s keep the secret between you & me
3. Petra will have trouble
choosing ___ those two
well-qualified
candidates.
Assure:
to promise/guarantee
I can assure you that we stand behind our
products.
Insure:
to pay money for protection from loss.
Mauricio saved money from every
paycheck to ___ he could buy gifts for
his family at the end of the year.
I ____ you that I have been honest about
the money I spent.
Do you wish to insure this package?
I will ___ my car as required by law
Ensure:
to do/have what is necessary for
success
“be sure”
These blankets ensure you will be warm
enough.
All right:
accurate, correct
Alright:
*isn’t accepted in most dictionaries
opposite: all wrong
Is everything all right, Ms. Jones?
*gaining a small footing
(adequate, permissible,
satisfactory)
*avoid usage
A lot
*always two words
alot
Sometime:
adverb
at an unnamed time
can remove & sentence is still
complete
Come see me sometime next week.
Some time:
adjective + noun
essential to sentence
He has been complaining for some time.
Do you have ___ on
Monday to talk with
me?
___ ago, Jack came to
my office.
Aunt Stacy will plant her
garden ___ next
month.
Anyone (everyone):
spelled as one word except when
followed by ‘of’
___ is so quiet today.
Anyone can learn to type.
___ of the tests was
negative.
Any one (every one):
used as 2 words before ‘of’
Any one of the students can show you the
lab.
Has the clerk checked
___ of the boxes?
Everyday:
adj right before a noun
means ordinary
I’m not dressed up; these are my everyday
clothes.
Every day:
every. single. day.
He stops in to see me every day.
Sal’s Coffeeship is open
___ at 6:30 A.M.
Amanda finds our ___
routine too boring.
Phrases & Clauses
phrases
• A group of words that does not have both
a subject and a verb
• Never a complete sentence
prepositional phrases
verb phrases
verbal phrases
prepositional phrases
• Begins with a preposition
• Ends with a noun/pronoun (object of the preposition)
under the bed
during April
into the computer
verb phrases
• A main verb with at least 1 helping verb
was helping
will be driving
has been thinking
verbal phrases
• Verbal is a verb form that does not serve as
a verb in the sentence:
infinitive—To tour Australia is my dream.
participial—Hidden by the trees, Jerry waited to scare Mark.
gerund--I enjoy riding my bike in the evenings.
• Acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb
Verbal phrases
The plan accepted by the mayor involved a tax
cut.
Paula expected the paper airplane to fly.
Feeling dizzy, Helena stopped and took a
break.
clauses
• A group of words with a subject and a verb
independent clause (complete sentence)
I will go to the movies
dependent clause (must join an independent clause)
if I have the money
I will go to the movies + if I have the money.
3 kinds of dependent clauses
• Adverb
• Adjective
• Noun
adverb clause
• Answers: why, when, where, how
• Begin with subordinating conjunctions
after
if
that
whenever
although
as
because
before
provided
since
so that
than
though
unless
until
when
while
I will call you before I leave for the airport.
adverb clause practice
Tommy scrubbed the bathroom tile until his
arms ached.
I would listen to my English teacher because
I might learn something important.
adjective clause
• Dependent clauses that describe the
nouns they follow (similar to an appositive)
who, whom, whose—person
Mr. King, who is our coach, will miss practice.
which, that—thing
Locker 52, which broke yesterday, has been fixed.
where—place
Kay lives in Arizona, where it seldom rains.
adjective clause
practice
Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who
hiccupped for seven hours afterward.
The vegetables that people leave
uneaten are often the most nutritious.
Broccoli, which people often leave
uneaten, is very nutritious.
noun clauses
• Certain positions in sentences require
nouns: subject, direct object*, object of
the preposition, predicate noun
• Noun clause is a clause in any of these
positions.
noun clauses con’t
Ask who or what?
That we are late is unfortunate.
(What is unfortunate? That we are late—subject)
The reason for my lateness is that I was caught in traffic.
(What’s the reason? That I was caught in traffic—predicate noun)
From what he said, I assumed he was angry.
(From what? What he said—object of the preposition)
He wondered whether I had filed the report.
(He wondered what? Whether I had filed the reports—direct object)
*d.o. is most common noun clause; giveaways are that and whether
noun clause practice
Whoever wins the game will play in the
tournament.
I believe that everything happens for a
reason.