Download Warring City States

WARRING CITY STATES
CHAPTER 5
SECTION 2
KEY TERMS
• Polis
• Acropolis
• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• Oligarchy
• Tyrant
• Democracy
• Helot
• Phalanx
• Persian Wars
RULE AND ORDER IN GREEK CITYSTATES
• Polis- fundamental
political unit in
Greece
• City and surrounding
countryside
• 50-500 miles of territory
• Fewer than 10,000
residents
• Acropolis-fortified
hilltop
• Agora-marketplace
GREEK POLITICAL STRUCTURES
• Monarchy-single
person ruler (king)
• Aristocracy-ruled by
a small group of
noble land owning
families
• Rich families
• Wealthy merchant and
artisans
• Served in kings military
• Oligarchy-ruled by a
few powerful people
TYRANTS SEIZE POWER
• Clashes occurred
between rulers and
common people
• Powerful individuals
would seize control
• Tyrants-unlike today
not considered
cruel or harsh
• Looked at as leaders
with the people’s
interest
ATHENS BUILDS LIMITED DEMOCRACY
• Representative
government was
born in the city-states
• Athens moved too
democracy
• Democracy-is the
rule of the people
• Citizens participate
directly in political
decision making
BUILDING DEMOCRACY
• Draco 621 BC
• Based legal code on
all Athenians were
equal under the law
• Had capitol
punishment
• Debt slavery-debtors
worked as slaves to
pay off debts
BUILDING DEMOCRACY
• Solon 594 BC
• Stated no citizen should
own another citizen
• Organized Athenians into
four social classes
• Only top three could hold
political office
• All citizens could
participate in Athenian
Assembly
• Legal concept-any
citizen could bring
charges against
wrongdoers
BUILDING DEMOCRACY
• Cleisthenes 500
• Broke up power of
nobility
• Citizens organized by
where you live and not
wealth
• Allowed citizens to
submit laws for debate
• Created Council of 500
• Chosen at random
• Counseled assembly
and proposed laws
BUILDING DEMOCRACY
• Citizens participated
in a limited
democracy
• Citizenship restricted
to a small number
• Free male adult
property owners
• Women and slaves
excluded from
citizenship and had
few rights
ATHENIAN EDUCATION
• Sons of wealthy
families
• Sent to school at age
7
• Studied reading,
grammar, poetry,
history, mathematics
and music
• Received training in
logic and debate
• Train and develop
the body
ATHENIAN EDUCATION
• Older boys went to
military school
• Girls educated at
home by their mother
Childe rearing
Weaving cloth
Preparing mills
Taking care of the
household
• Little to do outside of
the home
•
•
•
•
SPARTA BUILDS A MILITARY STATE
• Located in southern
Greece
(Peloponnesus)
• Cut of from the rest
of Greece
• Built a military state
SPARTA DOMINATES MESSINA
• 725 BC Sparta
conquers Messina
• Helots- Messians
forced to stay on
land they worked
• Spartans demanded
half of their crop
• 650 BC Helots
revolted
• Spartans
outnumbered eight
to one
SPARTA’S GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
• Several branches
• Council of Eldersmade up of 30 older
citizens
• Proposed laws for
assembly to vote on
• Five elected officials
carried out the laws
• These men
prosecuted cases
and controlled
education
SPARTA’S GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
• Sparta had two kings
• Social order had
several groups
• Citizens-descendants
of original inhabitants
• Ruling families who
owned land
• Non-citizens –were free,
worked in commerce
of industry
• Helots at the bottom
SPARTA DAILY LIFE
• 600-371 BC most
powerful army in
Greece
• Individual
expression was
discouraged
• Did not value arts
and literature
• Valued- strength,
discipline, and duty
SPARTAN DAILY LIFE
• Served in the army till
60
• Began training at age 7
• Moved into army
barracks till age 30
• Wearing only light tunics
and no shoes
• Slept without blankets on
hard benches
• Food bowl of black
porridge
• Encouraged to steal
food, made them more
resourceful and tough
SPARTAN DAILY LIFE
• Girls received some
military training
• Wrestled, played
sports
• Service to Sparta
above everything
• Had freedom to run
family businesses
A NEW KIND OF ARMY EMERGES
• During the Dorian
Age only the rich
could afford spears,
chariots, shield
• Iron made weapons
more affordable
• Hoplites- foot soldiers
• Phalanx-stood side by
side holding a spear
and a shield
BATTLE OF MARATHON
• Began in Ionia on
the coast of
Anatolia
• Ionian Greeks
revolted against
Persia
• Athens sent troops
• Persian King Darius
won wanted revenge
against Athens
BATTLE OF MARATHON
• Persians sent 25,000
troops
• Greeks had 10,000
• Arranged in a
phalanxes
• Persians charged the
Greeks
• Persians lost 6,000
men, Greeks lost
200
PHEIDIPPIDES BRING NEWS
• Athens was
defenseless
• Young runnerbrought news of
Persian defeat
• 26 mile run from
Marathon
• Said “Rejoice, we
conquer” and died
• Athenian army came
back and Persia
retreated
THERMOPYLAE AND SALAMIS
• 480 BC Xerxes
assembled an
enormous force to
crush the Greeks
• Greeks were
divided
• No resistance from
Greeks
THERMOPYLAE AND SALAMIS
• Narrow mountain
pass
• 7,000 Greeks and 300
Spartans
• Blocked Xerxes troops
for three days
• Traitor told of secret
path
• Spartans held back
the Persians, while
other Greeks
retreated
THERMOPYLAE AND SALAMIS
• Greeks evacuated
Athens set to fight at
sea
• Salamis-narrow
channel
• Xerxes set fire to Athens
• Persian ships were
bigger
• Xerxes watched 1/3 of
his fleet was sunk
• 479 Plataea Greeks
win, Persians on
defensive
THERMOPYLAE AND SALAMIS
• Delian leagueformed by several
Greek states
• Delos- island in
Aegean Sea
• Greeks drove
Persians from their
territory
CONSEQUENCES OF PERSIAN WARS
• Felt new sense of
confidence
• 470’s Athens
emerged as leader
• League had grown to
200 city-states
• Headquarters moved
to Athens
• Used force against
challenges of
authority