Download sesi 5 CLAUSES

CLAUSE
A clause is a part of a sentence
in grammar.
By Nargis, M.Hum
Esa Unggul University
INTRODUCTORY
What is a sentence and a
clause?
Page 71 in your TOEFL book
Answer these questions Give example :
1. Sentences
2. A Simple Sentence is
3. A. Compound sentences is
……………………………………
coordinating conjunction (……………..)
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4. A complex sentence ( clause) is
…………………………………
Main clauses ……………………………..
Dependent (subordinate ) clauses
1. Adverb clauses (page
85)…………………..
2. 2noun clauses. ( page 90)……………..
3. 3. adjective clause ( page 77)…………….
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PRETEST
Are they sentences or clauses ?
1. Although the price went down recently,
the company made a huge profit.
2. I live too far away to visit you often.
3. The people who live next to me have
three cars.
4. Read the instruction and do the exercise
carefully.
5. What Alicia said made her friends cry.
6. 6. He didn't realize that the stove was off.
7. My cousin is the owner of Gold store.
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What is a adverb clause?
to join two English sentences by
……………………………….
Example :
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• Adverb clause Marker
1. Time
• While, when, as, since, until, once, before, after
Some people like to listen to the music while they are
studying
2. Causes
• Because, since.
We didn’t have the class because the teacher was
absent
• Adverb clause + comma+ main clause
• Because he was thirsty, he drank water.
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• Adverb clause Marker
3. Opposition
• Although, even though
4. Condition
• If and unless
5. Contrast
• While
Some people arrived in taxis whiles others
took the subway.
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What is a adjective clause?
to join two English sentences, or to give
more information about something.
EX:
• I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.
• She lives in New York. She likes living in
New York.
→ She lives in New York, which she likes.
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Adjective clause
• The girl who is doing her task is very nice.
• The boy whom I called him just know is
our best friend.
• The teacher whom we like him very much
is very friendly.
The notebook which is on the table has
four sections.
The woman is filling the glass that is on the
table
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Defining
a. the subject:
• use ‘who’, ‘which’ or ‘that’.
• can come after the subject or the object
of the sentence.  can’t drop it.
clause after the object of the sentence:
• I’m looking for a secretary who / that can
use a computer well.
clause after the subject of the sentence:
• The house which / that belongs to
Julie is in London.
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Defining
b. the object:
 can drop if we want to.
 the clause can come after the subject
or the object of the sentence.
clause after the object of the sentence:
• She loves the chocolate (which / that) I
bought.
clause after the subject of the sentence:
• The university (which / that) she likes is
famous.
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Non Defining
• don’t use ‘that’, so use ‘which’ if the
pronoun refers to a thing,
‘who’ if it refers to a person.
• can’t drop, even if it is the subject
(clause comes after the subject)
 My boss, who is very nice, lives in
Manchester.
(clause comes after the object)
• Yesterday I called our friend Julie, who
lives in New York.
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relative clauses
~ Whose always the subject
can’t be left out.
replaces a possessive.
 for people and things.
The dog is over there.
The dog’s / its owner lives next door.
→ The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.
The woman is coming tonight.
Her car is a BMW.
→ The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.
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Remember that a noun clause answers
questions like "who(m)?" or "what?";
an adjective clause answers questions like
"which (one)?"; and
an adverb clause answers questions like
"when?", "where?", "why?", "with what
goal/result?", and "under what
conditions?".
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Noun clause
Noun clause adalah clausa yang
menjelaskan kata benda. Noun clause
menjawab pertanyaan dengan question
word Ex : "who(m)?" or "what?";
“where”?; “how”?; “when”?susunan clause
setelah kata tanya berbentuk positif
The instructor explained where the
computer lab located was.
The manager explained how he wanted the
work done.
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Noun clause
Noun clause juga bisa menjawab clause
kalimat tanya dengan kata kerja bantu
dengan connectors “If” atau “whether”
We never know whether we will get paid or
not.
Do you want to know if it is going to rain
tomorrow.
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The citizens worry about ____ is doing.
(A) what the government
(B) the government
(C) what
(D) what the government it
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Kalimat ini terdiri dari the main subject and
verb, the citizens worry, and is doing.
Kalimat ini membutuhkan connector dan
subject pada clausa anak kalimat jadi
jawaban yang benar (A) because it has
the connector what and the subject
government.
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• ………..was late caused many problems
A. That he
B. The driver
C. There
D. Because
Answer (A)
In this example, there are two verbs (was and
caused) and each verb needs SUBJECT. The
best answer is (A). That is the SUBJECT of
CAUSED and HE is SUBJECT of WAS.
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Adjective clause
Clausa menjelaskan yang mana.
Who menjelaskan subjek yang mana
Whom menjelaskan objek yang mana,dst
The house which is situated near my house.
is being renovated
We study in a famous college which has
1000 students each year.
The girl whom you like is a smart girl.
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Adverb clause
an adverb clause menjawab pertanyaan :
"when?", "where?", "why?", "with what
goal/result?", and "under what
conditions?". Dengan menngunakan
connector yang tepat.
She didn’t do the task because her mother
was in the hospital.
Since he is not interested in classical music,
he decided not to go the concert music.
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POST TEST
Are the dependent clause , adjective clause, noun
clause or adverbial clause
1. Many people hope that Canada can
resolve its economic problems.
2. Which one is the person who stole your
car?
3. The books which the professor
assigned were very expensive
4. Some people buy expensive cars simply
because they can
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Do these exercise
Prepositional phrases with the same
meaning as adverb clauses (page 86)
Pay attention to the example and do the
exercise page 88-89
Noun clauses (page 90 )
Pay attention to the example and do the
exercise page 91-92
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The more often you do TOEFL
exercise, the higher TOEFL
score you will get.
Believe you can and you are
half way there.
Thank u for your attention
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