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PARTS OF SENTENCES
UNIT 2
SUBJECT AND PREDICATE
PARTS OF SENTENCES UNIT
Love stinks.
Do these two words make a sentence?
Subject/Predicate
 A grammatical sentence contains a subject
(who or what the sentence is about) and a
predicate (what the subject is or does) and
expresses a complete thought.
 “Love” is the subject of the sentence and “stinks”
is the predicate.

These words have multiple meanings and can act as different
parts of speech than they’re being used as here. It depends on
their purpose. Here, though, love is a noun and stinks is a verb.
Subject/Predicate
 A sentence’s subject often contains a noun
and a sentence’s predicate contains a verb.
 New York Times Article
 On your own paper please write a list of any nouns you find
interesting or challenging and any verbs you find interesting or
challenging (two lists).
Subject/Predicate
 Let’s discuss the article:
 Do
you believe that chess saved Shawn
Martinez’s life?
 How could both of these perspectives be
supported by quotes from the article?
(specific quotes)
 How would Shawn Martinez answer this
question?
Subject/Predicate
 Groups (I’ll number you off)
 In your groups you will show all of your lists and
choose 2 nouns and 2 verbs.
 Please write your 2 nouns and 2 verbs on the
provided index cards (1 on each).

You must define the word and cite where it was found in the
article. (groups use dictionaries in back of room)
 Word Wall on board
Subject/Predicate
 Each group will now mix and match all of the words
on the word wall to create 5-6 original sentences.
 You will use the nouns as the subjects and the verbs
as the predicates.
 Add words and change tense in order to create
challenging sentences.
 Underline the subject with an “s” underneath,
underline predicate with a “p” underneath!
 Present your sentences on board.
Subject/Predicate Practice
 Please get a Lang. Textbook out of the bookshelf in
the back of the room or under your desk.

Starting on page 327 you need to define the following words:
Subject
 Complete Subject
 Simple Subject
 Predicate
 Complete Predicate
 Simple Predicate


Do Exercises 4-6
PHRASES
PARTS OF SENTENCES UNIT
“Night” Activity
 Read excerpt from “Night” by Elie Weisel
 As a review that is going into our next lesson please answer the
parts of speech questions.
 #1-13
Phrases
 A phrase is a group of words that does not
contain both the subject and a verb.
Collectively, the words in the phrases
function as a single part of speech.
 We are going to look at 6 different types of
phrases. A few of those 6 types have subtypes as well.
Phrases
 Examples:
Colors can influence the way we feel about a place or
thing.
 A room painted white often seems larger than it is.
 Painting something orange draws people’s attention
to it.
 Studies show that more women than men seem to
prefer red.
 Green, the color of many things in nature, relaxes
people.

Phrase Practice
Do page 88 in workbook
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Please place the keys on the table.
They decided to watch a movie.
The glasses are on the shelf.
Enrique became excited when he heard the news.
Jimmy, fearing a low score, studied diligently for his
exam.
In 1934, my grandfather came to the United States.
The clothes in the corner should be donated to charity.
Casper, a master of the violin, is learning to play the
guitar.
To repair a car, you need to have tools and experience.
Before she left home, Helena ate breakfast and read a
magazine.
Prepositional Phrases
 A preposition plus its object and any
modifiers.
 Common Prepositions Include:
 To, around, under, over, like, as, behind, with, outside, etc…
 Prepositional phrases may function as adjectives or
as adverbs.
Prepositional Phrases
 Adjective Prepositional Phrases (aka Adjective
Phrases):

Tell which one, what kind, how many, and how much, or give
other information about a noun, a pronoun. A prepositional
phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
 Examples:
 The store around the corner is painted green. (Which store
is it? The store around the corner.)
 The girl with the blue hair is angry.
Prepositional Phrases
 Adverb Prepositional Phrases
 Tell how, when, where, why, to what extent, or under what
condition about a verb, an adjective, an adverb. A
prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or other
adverb.
 Examples:
 Oscar is painting his house with the help of his friends.
(How is he painting his house? With the help of his friends.)
 Sally is coloring outside the lines.
Workbook pages 90-91
Workbook pages 92-93
Prepositional Phrase Practice
 What is an “ode”?
A
lyrical poem characterized usually
by elevated feeling and style. Odes
celebrate something in life.
“Ode to the Sprinkler”
 Read “Ode to the Sprinkler” by Gary
Soto
 Complete Activity 4 and Activity 5
about prepositional phrases.
 In Activity 5, disregard the instructions
in the middle of the sheet about index
cards.
Prepositional Phrase Practice
 Get out a sheet of paper and write your name on it.
 You will write 10 sentences.
 5 sentences will have an adverb prepositional phrase
 5 sentences will have an adjective prepositional phrase

UNDERLINE YOUR PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN EACH
SENTENCE
 After you have written your sentences you will
highlight or underline the sentence in each category
that you think represents your BEST work for this
lesson.
Appositives and Appositive Phrases
 Appositive: a noun or pronoun placed beside another
noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.

The Drama Club will be performing a play about the
mythological hero Perseus. (The appositive “Perseus”
identifies the noun “hero”…both are nouns)

Only two eighth-graders, Saul and I, auditioned for the lead
role. (the compound appositives “Saul” and “I” identify
the noun “eighth-graders”)
Appositives and Appositive Phrases
 Appositive Phrases: consists of an appositive and its
modifiers.

The restaurant’s specialty is spaghetti, an Italian dish
made with noodles, sauce, and various spices. (The
appositive phrase identifies the noun “spaghetti”)

Spaghetti, one of the restaurant’s specialties, is an
Italian dish made with noodles, sauce, and various spices.
(The appositive phrase identifies the noun “spaghetti”)

Babe Ruth, a world famous baseball player, broke many
world records.
Workbook pages
Appositive Practice
 Activity 1:
 Take the following phrases and turn them into complete
sentences using them as appositive phrases.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
the best athlete in our school
my favorite hobby
our chemistry teacher
the best team in the world
her best friend
 Activity 2:
 Please complete the “Grammar Battle with Ursula”
worksheet. Directions are at the top of the page.
Appositive Practice
 Find the appositive phrases in the following sentences.
1. Vasco de Gama, a Portuguese explorer, was the first
European to reach India by sea.
2. Last week, the 12th week of the year, Freddie witnessed
an odd event.
3. The professor, a woman of keen insight, explained her
interpretation of the story.
4. Charles Dickens, author of A Christmas Carol, had to
work in a shoe factory as a boy.
5. The band played “Wildcat Pride,” the school’s fight song,
during the graduation ceremony.
Appositive Practice
 Find the appositive phrase and then identify the noun or
pronoun it identifies or describes.
1. Hank Aaron, the right fielder from Alabama, broke Babe
Ruth’s record for home runs.
2. Make sure that you bring the most important item, your
permission slip.
3. Paul, his cousin from St. Louis, could juggle six tennis
balls at once.
4. The Italian food, a delicious pasta, spiced things up in the
school cafeteria.
5. Leslie’s dog, an amazingly smart animal, learned to sit
up and roll over on command.
Verbals and Verbal Phrases
 A word that is formed from a verb but is used as a
noun, an adjective, or an adverb. There are three
main types of verbals: Infinitives, Gerunds, and
Participles.
A word that is a verb
but plays the part of
something else….just
like a costume during
Halloween!!!
Verbals
 Some verbs don’t always ACT like verbs. There are
verb forms (called verbals) that LOOK like verbs but
function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a
sentence.
 Example:


Skiing is a great activity for the winter months.
She seems to be picturing in her head where we live.
Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
 Infinitive: a verbal that is really easy to
recognize. All infinitives begin with the word
“to” and end with a verb. Can function as a
noun, adjective, or adverb.
 Examples: to fly, to draw, to become, to
enter, to stand, to catch, to belong
Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases
 Infinitive Phrase: the word “to” plus a verb and any
other modifiers that may be with them. Can function
as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.




To dance gracefully is my ambition. (here the IP is the
subject of the sentence)
Her plan to become a millionaire fell through when she
lost her job (IP modifies plan; functions as an adjective)
She wanted to become a veterinarian. (noun – direct
object of “wanted”)
John went to college to study engineering. (tells why he
went, so it’s an adverb)
Infinitive Phrase Discussion
 “To” can be used to introduce both prepositional
phrases and infinitive phrases.


The difference is that a prepositional phrase contains a
preposition and a noun (or pronoun) but NO verb.
An infinitive is created with the word “to” plus a VERB.
 An infinitive phrase may contain a noun but a
prepositional phrase never contains a verb.
Infinitive Practice
 Using your notes take the following verbs and create sentences
where they are used as Infinitives within Infinitive phrases:
 Underline your Infinitive Phrases
 Circle your best sentence!

Then as a class…lets decide whether they are used as a noun, an adjective, or
an adverb.
1. Turn
2. Load
3. Create
4. Become
5. Jump
6. Yell
7. Be
8. Find
9. Smile
10.Help
Infinitive Activity
 In your assigned groups, please begin working on
your Infinitive Packet Activities A-D.




There are many activities throughout this packet. Each activity
will strengthen your ability to recognize and create Infinitives
and Infinitive Phrases.
Read directions very carefully.
If you completely understand the directions, make sure the
rest of your group does as well. Help each other.
Before you ask me a question make sure you have asked every
member of your group.
 We are ONLY DOING A-D!
Station Help
 There are four stations that are run by peer experts.
 1. Adverb Phrase (prepositional phrase)
 2. Adjective Phrase (prepositional phrase)
 3. Appositive Phrase
 4. Infinitive Phrase
 You must go to each station and ask questions to the
experts. They will help you write TWO correct
sentences using their type of phrase. Then they will
initial your paper.
 In order to complete this mission you must
have:

8 total sentences, 4 sets of initials, and have notes of
the questions you asked at each station.
Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
 A gerund is a verbal ending in –ing that is used as a
noun.

Review:
 What is a verbal?
 What is a noun?
 Examples:
 Skiing
is my favorite sport.
 My hobby is fishing.
 Sam enjoys rock climbing.
 We should give snorkeling a try.
Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
 Gerund phrase: a gerund and any modifiers or
complements the gerund has.

The entire phrase is used as a noun.
 Walking in the moonlight is a romantic way to
end a date.
 He particularly enjoyed watching that movie.
 He wrote a poem about running by the sea.
 Taking the dog out is not my favorite task.
 If you are not sure whether an –ing word is a
gerund or participle (which we’ll study next), try
this test. Substitute a pronoun (it) for the –ing
word. If the sentence still makes sense, the word is
a gerund. If it doesn’t it is most likely a participle.
 Examples:
 Playing tennis is good exercise
 It is good exercise. (It makes sense in the sentence. Playing is a
gerund)
 We watched the dolphins playing with a ball.
 We watched the dolphins it with a ball. (It doesn’t make sense
here).
Gerund Practice
Where is the Gerund in the following
sentences.
 1. Working hard will make you rich.
 2. My mother always enjoys driving.
 3. I know people who think about eating all
the time.
 4. Driving in the dark is not my idea of fun.
 5. His favorite activity is sleeping.
Gerund Practice
 6. I don't believe in choosing sides.
 7. Practicing basketball is all Willie does.
 8. Managing is part of my father’s job.
 9. When he was younger, he would always
dream about making movies.
 10. Cleaning my room is the worst possible
punishment for me.
Gerund Practice
 Build complete sentences around these
Gerunds:
1. driving to school
2. making excuses
3. laughing
4. baking chocolate chip cookies
5. growing
Gerund Worksheet pages: 98-101
Gerund Phrase Activities
 Gerund Phrase Packet
 Individual
Work
Gerund Picture Activity
 On the next slide there are 5 pictures side by side.
You are to compose 1 sentence about each of these
photos using a GERUND PHRASE.
 Underline your GERUND PHRASE in each sentence.
 Group Activity:
 Share your sentences with a partner.
 Combine two of the pictures into one sentence using two
GERUND PHRASES with your partner.

Underline both GERUND PHRASES in your new, 2-gerund
sentence.
Gerund Charades
 Take your blank slip of paper and write an activity on
one side.

Fold your paper and place it in the bucket.
 How to play:
 Taking turns in your team, draw a slip of paper out of the
bucket then run back to your group.
 Make silent gestures to your team and try to get them to guess
the activity you drew.
 As soon as the team guesses you must run up to the board and
compose a complete sentence using the activity in a gerund
phrase to get the point. (Wait for Ms. Robinson to check your
sentence. You must re-write it until correct.)
Participles and Participial Phrases
 Participle: a verbal (past or present) that acts like an
adjective.

Present Participles end in –ing
 Our
soccer team had a winning season. (Winning modifies
season.)
 Shivering with cold, we decided to go indoors. (Shivering
modifies we.)

Most past participles end in –d or –ed.
 We
visited a Spanish mission established in the 1600s.
(Established modifies mission.)

Some rare participles have irregular endings.
 Candles
brought by my mom were ready on the table.
Participial Phrases
 Participial phrase: consists of a participle and any
modifiers or complements the participle has.

The entire phrase is used as an adjective.
 Examples:
 Blinded by the light, Sarah walked into the concert hall.
 Swimming for his life, John crossed the English Channel.
Participial Phrases
 A participial phrase can be multiple places in a
sentence.
 Sometimes a participial phrase occurs before
the subject and the verb.
Lying there in the floor, Joey realized he
should have watched his step.
 Other times the participial phrase occurs after
the subject and the verb.
Joey realized he should have been watching
his step, while lying in the floor.
Participle Phrases
 Lastly, participial phrases can occur
between the subject and verb.
Joey, while lying on the floor,
realized that he should have
watched his step.
Participial Practice
 Noted for her beauty, Venus was sought by many





gods as a wife.
Bathed in radiant light, Venus brought love and joy
wherever she went.
Jupiter, knowing her charms, nevertheless married
her to Vulcan, the ugliest of the gods.
Mars, having been known by the Greeks as Ares, was
the god of war.
Terrified by Ares’ power, many Greeks did not like
to worship him.
They saw both land and people destroyed by him.
Participle and Participial Phrase Workbook pages:
94-97
Participle Phrase Activities
 In your assigned groups, please begin working on
your Participial Phrase Packet.




There are many activities throughout this packet. Each activity
will strengthen your ability to recognize and create Participles
and Participial Phrases.
Read directions very carefully.
If you completely understand the directions, make sure the
rest of your group does as well. Help each other.
Before you ask me a question make sure you have asked every
member of your group.
Lyric Mania
 With your partner you will dissect your song lyrics in
order to create participial phrases.



Each partner must read their lyrics aloud to the other.
Re-write 10 lines from your songs using participial phrases.
You can piece together as many lines from one another’s songs
as you want just as long as you have 10 lines.

Underline Participial Phrases

For each line:
 Find a verb
 Give it a participle ending and make a phrase
 Build a sentence before, around, or after it.
Absolute Phrase
 Absolute Phrase: a group of words consisting of a
noun or pronoun, an “ing”, “d”, or “ed”
verbal, and any modifiers that are around it.




Simpler definition: An absolute phrase contains a noun or
pronoun and a participle (may be more than one of each).
They modify the whole sentence rather than just a part of it.
They are always set off from the rest of the sentence with a
comma or pair of commas (or dashes)
IMPORTANT! Remember that some participles have an
irregular ending, so simply look for verbals (fake verbs) that
DESCRIBE (acting as adjectives!)
Absolute Phrase
 Examples:
 Their
minds whirling from the
avalanche of information provided
by their teacher, the students made their
way thoughtfully to the parking lot.
 His head pounding, his hands
shaking, his heart filled with
trepidation, the young man knelt and
proposed marriage to his sweetheart.
 Absolute Phrase Worksheet!
Recipe Cards
 Create a recipe card on a sheet of paper.
 The meal you are making is Absolute Phrase
Parmesan.
 Write the ingredients for an absolute phrase and
the directions of how to create on.
 Write an example of one.
SNOW DAY
 You must create two things!
 SNOWMAN:
On a piece of printer paper you are to draw a large snowman!
Color him, make him happy and fun.
 Then you take the three circles for your snowman and use it to
create a compare and contrast diagram.

Appositive
Phrase
C&C
Participial
Phrases
Study Guide
 Have a seat and wait for further instruction.
 Please work INDEPENDENTLY on your
study guides.

There is a typo on the Study Guide! The 3rd section that deals
with underlining and identifying phrases…Appositive is an
option as well!
Essay Rubric