* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download PARTS OF SPEECH
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho verbs wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS • Nouns are namers. • Nouns name people, places, things, animals and ideas. • The teacher dashed into the room. • Scott is a writer. • The idea is excellent. COMMON and PROPER NOUNS • Common nouns name any person, place or thing and are NOT capitalized: • girl • boy • city • food • Proper nouns name a specific person, place or thing and ARE capitalized: • Jennifer • Scott • Livingston • Rice-a-Roni COMPOUND NOUNS and COLLECTIVE NOUNS • Compound nouns are two or more nouns that function as a single unit: • time capsule • great-uncle • homework • basketball • Collective nouns name groups of people or things: • audience • family • herd • chorus • crowd SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS Singular nouns name ONE. • One dog • One child • One deer • One person • One peach • One pony • One monkey • One leaf • One ox • Plural nouns name MORE than one. • Three dogs • Six children • Three deer • Four people • Eight peaches • Two ponies • Two monkeys • Three leaves • Two oxen Articles or Noun Markers • Articles are also called Noun Markers or Noun Determiners • A, The and AN are Articles or Noun Markers • They mark that a noun will follow (Sometimes there’s an adjective before the noun) • The dog • An apple (use “an” before words that begin with a vowel sound) • A student PRONOUNS • Pronouns take the place of a noun. Pronouns are substitutes. • Bob ate the worms. He enjoyed them. • Sue tried to jump the fence. She fell on it. • • • • The crowd cheered the band. They loved it. Scott and I saw our friends. We like them. You fix the bike yourself. He has only himself to blame. List Of Pronouns • I, me, my, mine, myself, she, her, hers, herself, he, him, his, himself, it, its, you, your, yours, our, ours, them, they, their, theirs, themselves, we, us Pronoun Clarity Rules • If somebody writes, “Sue and Cassy went to the store. She bought a new skirt” we DON’T know who bought the skirt. The use of the pronoun “she” is unclear. • If there are two or more boys in a sentence, you cannot use he or him in the next sentence. • If there are two or more girls in a sentence, you cannot use she or her in the next sentence. • If there are two or more things in a sentence, you cannot use it in the next sentence. ADJECTIVES • Adjectives describe (modify) nouns. Adjectives add information about nouns and can spice-up your writing. • He wore a green shirt and plaid pants. • The big truck was ugly. • She wore a feather boa. • It was a dark, stormy and creepy night. • My second cousin wanted those apples. • I saw five geese. Adjectives answer the questions: • Which one? This game, that car, those mountains • What kind? Pretty cat, fresh milk, American flag • How many? Some people, seven miles, several days • How much? Enough food, less rain, more time VERBS • Verbs show action or a state of being. Verbs are the engines that power sentences. Without a verb, a sentence can go nowhere. Every sentence MUST have a verb!!! • Action verbs: walk, run, jump, soar, whisper, stomp, tattle, spend, sing… • Action verbs tell something you can do, like “sleep” (even if it isn’t very active). State-of-Being Verbs • State-of-being verbs are the form of the verb “be.” • Am, is, are, was, were, has been, will be and have been • I am a good student. She is happy. He was excited. They were delicious. He has been sick. She will be glad. They have been good students. HELPING VERBS • Helping verbs “help” action verbs to be in the correct tense. Forms of “be” are often helping verbs if they are paired with an action verb. • Helping verbs: has, have, had, can, could, would, should, will, shall, may, might, must, did, do, does. • We can graduate. He has been learning. • We have learned a lot. They can dance. • We will have learned a lot. Helping Verbs/Sate-of-Being Verbs • When a state-of-being verb is with an action verb, it becomes a helping verb. • He is cute (“is” is a state-of-being verb). • He is dancing (now “is” is a helping verb). • She was excited (“was” is a state-of-being verb) • She was dancing (now “was” is a helping verb). Finding Verbs • In order to find the verb in a sentence, using the “time change” method always works. • By saying yesterday, every day, and tomorrow at the beginning of a sentence, the verb will change automatically. Remember it as the YET (Yesterday, Every day, Tomorrow) method. Examples of Time Change • Listen for the word or words that change when the time is changed. That word is the verb: • Yesterday: Steve ate a taco. • Every day: Steve eats a taco. • Tomorrow: Steve will eat a taco. • Yesterday: Jill was happy. • Every day: Jill is happy. • Tomorrow: Jill will be happy. VERBS • Verbs show a state-of-being. They are the forms of the verb “be.” • State of being verbs: am, is, are, was, were, has been, will be… • Mrs. McMillion is a teacher. • The students will be smart learners. • She was clever. • They were late MORE ABOUT VERBS • Verbs tell present, past and future tense. They tell when something is happening. • Present (today): I dance. • Past (yesterday): I danced. • Future (tomorrow): I will dance. ACTIVE vs PASSIVE VERBS • Verbs can be active or passive. Sometimes this is called active or passive voice. • Active verbs (or voice) put the person (or thing) doing the action in charge: Connie passed the test. • With passive verbs (or voice), the subject receives the action: The test was passed by Connie. • Hint: Use the active voice in your writing. ADVERBS • Adverbs describe (modify) verbs. They tell when, where and how. • The band played beautifully. (How) • The student will arrive soon. (When) • The boy sat near. (Where) • She studied carefully. (How) • He quickly jumped. (How) Adverbs • • • • • • WHEN Tomorrow Tonight Soon Now Later WHERE there here everywhere nowhere outside HOW sweetly kindly well simply thoughtfully PREOPSITIONS • Prepositions show position relative to another noun. A preposition MUST be connected to a noun or a pronoun. A prepositional phrase is a preposition and its object: • in the door next to me • on the car behind it • around the house near the garage LIST of PREPOSITIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • About Above Across Against Around Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Between Beyond By Down Into • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Inside Near Next to Off On Onto Out Outside Over Past Through Toward Under Upon Within Conjunctions • Conjunctions join words, phrases and clauses together. They are the words: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. • We ate salad and bread. • She was happy yet sad. • They were neither absent nor tardy. • We can dance or sing. Interjections • Interjections express emotion. If it’s a strong emotion, the word(s) can stand alone with an exclamation mark following, as in: Wow! Hurray! Yippee! • If an interjection isn’t a strong emotion, it can go before a regular sentence followed by a comma: • Good grief, Charlie Brown missed the ball. • Hey, that’s a great idea.