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Parts Of Speech Sentence Writing Strategy! Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Interjections Adjectives Conjunctions Word that names • A Person A Place A Thing An Idea Noun Noun Grammar Rock Kinds of Nouns Common Nouns boy girl Singular Nouns boy girl Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s Proper Nouns John Mary Plural Nouns boys girls Plural Possessive boys’ girls’ Noun Evaluation Answer the following prompt using the TIES strategy. Describe your favorite place. Noun Evaluation Write at least 5 sentences. Include : 1 proper noun 2 plural nouns 2 singular nouns Noun Practice Describe your favorite place. Name, date, and period 3 points Ex: Jim Smith, 9/23/11, period 2 Indent and write your paragraph 12 My favorite place is Maui, Hawaii for several reasons. Identify nouns used at the bottom of the paper : 1 Proper 2 Singular 2 Plural 20 points Adjectives Adjective Grammar Rock Describes a noun or pronoun. Did you lose your address book? Is that a wool sweater? Just give me five minutes. Answers these questions: Simple Sentence A simple sentence is a sentence that is made up of one independent clause. Independent Clause A group of words that makes a complete statement and can stand alone. • It must have a subject and a verb. • Subject The subject is the: person place thing quality idea the sentence is about . The verb is the part of the sentence that shows the subject’s action or state of being. Action Every sentence must have a Verb Action Verb A word that shows the action of the subject of the sentence. Action Verbs • Action verbs express mental or physical action. He rode the horse to victory. He dreamed about winning the Kentucky Derby. Action Verbs Physical Actions Tom sleeps all day. The hamsters play. A raindrop fell. The girl kicked the ball. Terry watered the plants. Action Verbs Mental Actions The boy wants a new ball. Jenna thought about the test. Mary dreams at night. The girl loves to go to the park. He wondered about the answer to that question. Linking Verbs Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. He is sick. George Washington was a president. Linking Verbs Practice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The sun is bright. The day was hot. Paul was cold. The cows are hungry. I am sad. Susan was nice. Today is my birthday. The trees are tall. The glass is full The puppies are cute. Helping Verbs Words that help the main verb show the action in a sentence. The three people are singing songs. The quarterback will throw the ball. Am Is Are Was Were Be Do Being Does Been Did Can Could Will Has Shall Have Might Had May Must Would Should Could Memorize the helping/linking verbs Test will be on Thursday January 26th. Action and Helping Verbs Practice v 1. Everyone should stay and help. v 2. They were walking v to the car. 3. The girls were calling their parents. v 4. They were shoveling the snow all v day. 5. After the storm, the wind was blowing trash everywhere. Infinitive Any verb that has the word to in front of it is an infinitive. An infinitive is never the verb of the subject. Examples: to go to run to buy to see Derek likes to go running in the morning. Infinitive Form of Verbs S V Nancy wanted to I her friends. S V I Billy learned to spell in first grade. I S V to win the game. The Wildcats hope S V I I looked in the book to find the answer. S V I Terry prepared to sail across the lake. Infinitive, Action, Linking, and Helping Verbs Assignment Write the sentence on your paper. Circle the verb phrase, underline the helping verbs and cross out the infinitives. 1. A storm was coming from the west. 2. Tom’s dad would drive them home. 3. They did not want to go to school. 4. The snow should stop by noon. 5. His dad told him to wait by the radio. Infinitive, Action, Linking, and Helping Verbs Assignment Write each sentence on your paper. Circle the verb phrase. Underline the helping verbs and cross out the infinitives. 7. The children were waiting to play in the snow. 8. Martha was listening to the radio. 9. They were hoping for a snow day. 10. School would be in session that day. 11. The teachers were planning fun lessons. 12. They wanted the students to learn about safety. Prepositions What are prepositions? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4jIC5HLBdM A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence. A prepositional phrase is a phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. It shows the where, when, how, or why of the action. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his trip to Canada. The preposition never stands alone! object of preposition preposition object You can press those leaves under glass. Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news. It happened during the last examination. Some Common Prepositions about above across after against among around at before behind beside between by down during except for from in near off of on over through to toward under up with Preposition Practice 1. The train raced through the tunnel. 2. No one worked during the strike. S V P P The rainbow appeared in full color after the storm. Complete the practice sheet. Example Set 1 s V 1. Jane went to the pool. s 2. Paul V is a very nice guy. s V 3. Cakes lined the store window. sV 4. I love chocolate ice cream. s are V very expensive. 5. Bikes s V 6. Dad is strict. s V 7. Bananas taste good. s V 8. Kathy has a son named Jimmy. s V 9. Raccoons raid our garbage cans every night. s V 10. Flowers are in bloom everywhere. Example Set II s V 1. The old gray mare limped down the lane. s V 2. The silver-winged plane soared. s V 3. Johnny’s baby sister cried for hours. s V 4. The first three girls giggled. s V 5. Fourteen good pilots died in the war. Example Set III 1. 2. 3. V S The bus must have gone by now. V S My best friend could not work tonight. S The light green grapes have been eaten. V S 4. 5. V The committee of environmentalists is working to solve the smog problem. S V Steven’s aunt is not following the directions. Example Set IV 1. V S S Bill and Sue want to go to the movies. S V S 2. Jason and his friends work together. 3. S parked outside. S and truck Are the car 4. V S S The park and sidewalks are covered with snow. 5. V S S V Hiding and seeking are fun activities. Example Set V 1. 2. 3. S V V Sally swam and played all afternoon. V S V The dogs had barked all night and slept all day. V S V home yesterday and did not work all Michelle came day. 4. 5. V S V The basketball team rode on a bus and flew in a plane to attend the game. V S V The park is dark and spooky at night and can be delightful on sunny days. Example Set VI 1. 2. 3. 4. V V S S The ponies and calves scampered and played in the field. V S S Kathy and her father do not like to play tennis and V hate to jog. S S V The Army and the Navy had a football game and V the stadium. filled V V S S Parties and dances are usually fun and can be exciting. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc. Pronouns Pronoun Grammar Rock Pronouns Pronouns are words used in place of nouns. Personal Pronouns: I, we, they, he, her,…. Pronouns Antecedents The word that a pronoun replaces is called the antecedent. Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite pronouns do not have a specific antecedent. indefinite pronouns: each, either, one, everybody, all, any, most, none, some Subject Pronouns A subject pronoun is used as the subject in a sentence. Verb Skill Assessment Rough Draft Write a paragraph about a sport that you enjoy playing or a sporting event you enjoy watching. Your paragraph should be at least 5 sentences long and include at least 5 verbs or verb phrases. Underline all the verbs in your story. Object Pronouns An object pronoun can be used as the object of a verb or the object of a preposition. Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: He ran quickly. She left yesterday. We went there. It was too hot! To what degree or how much? Adverbs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWYmEICNgOQ Adverbs The boy and the girl skipped happily down the road. Bill and Ted skillfully rode their skateboards down the ramp. Adverb Worksheet Cross out any infinitives (the word “to” with a verb after it) and write an I above them. Mark each verb with a V. Mark each subject with an S. Draw a line under each adverb. Cross out any prepositional phrases and write a P above them. S V Emily bravely gave her speech into the microphone. The Conjunction A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. There are coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. or nor The Interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset! U = You C = Cross out prepositions L = Look for the action word(s) A = Ask yourself who or what is doing the action Compound Sentence • A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses. • A comma and a coordinating conjunction can separate the two independent clauses. • A semicolon can be used to separate independent clauses. Compound Sentence Examples - , coordinating conjunction • The students finished class, and they went to lunch. • Kevin did not want to hurt Kathy’s feelings, so he said nothing about her mistake. • I want to see my son soon, for he has been in Europe for four months. Compound Sentence Semicolons ; • Susan loves to swim; her brother likes to dive. • Jason was highly respected; he was always such a responsible person. • The meeting was over; it was already midnight. Coordinating Conjunctions • For - means the same as because They built a fire, for they needed to warm up. • And - is used to show that two ideas are equally important The snow was falling, and the wind was howling. • Nor - is used to introduce the second clause of a negative statement Mary was not at the game, nor was she at the party. Coordinating Conjunctions • But - is used to show contrast Sue wanted to go to the game, but she had to work. • Or - joins two ideas when there is a choice between them You have to finish your homework, or you will not go to the concert. Coordinating Conjunctions • Yet - is used to show contrast They ran all the way to school, yet they were late any way. • So - is used to show the second clause is the result of the first Mary turned on the oven, so the cake would bake.