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Transcript
Formal Commands!
Ten-Hut!
In this presentation,
you will learn about
making commands
in Spanish.
Commands in English…
… are pretty easy. You
just use a base verb
form (without a subject,
since it’s always “you”)
to tell people what they
should do:





Stand up!
Sit down!
Do your homework!
Take out the garbage!
Be quiet!
Commands in English…
… and what they
shouldn’t do:



Don’t write in your
books!
Don’t speak English
in Spanish class!
Don’t be silly!
Commands in Spanish…
… are little more complicated
because we have so many
ways of saying “you”:




Tú: informal, singular
Vosotros: informal, plural
Ud.: formal, singular
Uds.: formal, plural
However, we will concentrate
on the formal commands
only.
Let’s look at a few examples!
Hable despacio, por favor.
¡Repita, por favor.!
Siéntese Ud. aquí.
Entreguen Uds. la tarea.
Hagan el ejercicio B.
No hagan el ejercicio A.
¡No se levante Ud.!
¡No corran en la clase!
Hable despacio, por favor.
The speaker is talking to one
person.
Can you figure out how we got the
form “hable”?
Take the “yo” form of the present:
HABLO
Drop the –o: HABL“Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E
to form the command: HABLE
Repita, por favor.
The speaker is talking to one
person.
Can you figure out how we got
the form “repita”?
Take the “yo” form of the
present: REPITO
Drop the –o: REPIT“Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add
–A to form the command:
REPITA
Opposite vowels
Think of the verb adding
the “opposite vowel”:
AR verbs add an –E.
ER & IR verbs add an –A.
Let’s try a couple!
Comer: ¡______ Ud.!
¡Coma Ud.!
Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.!
¡Escriba Ud.!
Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.!
¡Tome Ud.!
Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea!


¡Entregue la tarea!
Note the spelling change
because of the final –g sound.
Uds…
Entreguen Uds. la tarea.
Right! Just add an –N to
the command form when
you are talking to more
than one person.
Let’s try a couple more!
Comer: ¡______ Uds.!
¡Coman Uds.!
Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.!
¡Escriban Uds.!
Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.!
¡Tomen Uds.!
Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen!


¡Comiencen el examen!
Note the spelling change
because of the final –z.
¡Levántese!
What about reflexive
verbs?
¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese!
In affirmative commands,
all objects are attached to
the end of the verb.


Levante + se
Levanten + se
¡No!
How do we make
negative commands in
Spanish?



¡No fume!
¡No tome café!
¡No coma tanto!
Right – simply put the
word NO in front of the
command form.
¡No se levante!
What about reflexive verbs?
¡No se levante! ¡No se siénte!
In negative commands, all
objects precede the verb.




No
No
No
No
se
se
se
se
levante.
levanten.
siente.
sienten.
Some irregulars
What would a lesson be
without a few irregulars to
make it interesting?? Can you
guess where these forms come
from?







Haga la tarea.
Tenga paciencia.
Salga ahora.
Vuelva a casa.
Piense bien.
¡Sé bueno!
¡Esté tranquila!
¿Qué pasa?
Haga la tarea.

Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a
Tenga paciencia.

Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a
Salga ahora.

Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a
Vuelva a casa.

Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a
Piense bien.

Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e
These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo
form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.
Sé, esté, dé, sepa, vaya
These five verbs are very
irregular for a good reason:





Ser > yo soy
Estar > yo estoy
Dar > yo doy
Saber > yo sé
Ir > yo voy
The yo form does not end in
an –o, so there is no –o to
drop when forming the
command form.
¡Terminemos por ahora!
That’s all for now, but
learn this concept well –
the command form will
be very important when
we learn about our last
verb form this semester
– the subjunctive.