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Grammar Notes for 3.1
Reflexive Verbs – Reflexive verbs are conjugated with reflexive pronouns that represent
the same person as the subject. In other words….the doer of the action is also the
receiver of the action. The reflexive pronoun is always matchy, matchy to the subject.
Compare
La Sra. Ortiz lava su coche. (Mrs. Ortiz washes her car)
La Sra. Ortiz se lava. (Mrs. Ortiz washes herself.)
Reflexive pronouns
Me
Te
Se
Nos
Os
Se
Reflexive Pronouns are placed in front of:
1. conjugated verbs
Yo me lavo.
2. negative commands
No te laves.
Reflexive Pronouns are attached to:
1. infinitives
Voy a lavarme.
2. affirmative commands
¡Lávate!
3. gerunds (present participles)
Estoy lávandome.
Commands – Commands are also known as imperatives. They are used to boss people!
There are several kinds of commands depending on whom you are bossing around. In
this chapter we will be studying the Ud. and Uds. Commands.
Forming Ud. Commands:
1. Put the verb in “yo” of the present tense.
2. Drop the “O”
3. Add the opposite vowel ar e
er/ira
Example – hablar
1. hablo
2. habl
3. ¡Hable Ud.! ¡No hable Ud.!
Forming Uds. Commands – The plural ending is used.
Aren
1. hablo
2. habl
3. ¡Hablen Uds.! ¡No hablen Uds.!
Some common verbs are irregular in the Ud. and Uds. Commands.
dar
estar ir
saber
ser
Ud.
dé
esté vaya
sepa
sea
Uds.
den
estén vayan
sepan sea
er/iran
Car/Gar/Zar rules apply when forming the Ud./Uds. Commands to preserve
pronunciation.
Carqu
Gargu
Zarc
Sacar
¡Saque Ud.!
¡Saquen Uds.!
Llegar
¡Llegue Ud.!
¡Lleguen Uds.!
Almorzar ¡Almuerce Ud.! ¡Almuercen Uds.!
There are easy rules for pronoun placement in sentences with commands.
In affirmative commands, the pronoun follows the verb and is attached to it.
¡Escríbanos Ud.!
**Remember to add written accents to maintain stress on the correct syllable.
In negative commands the pronoun goes before the verb.
¡No nos escriba Ud.!
Composition – Mi rutina diaria
You will be writing two paragraphs. The first paragraph will describe your daily
routine during the school week. The paragraph will be in the present tense. The
paragraph should include activities you do from when you get up in the morning until
you go to bed in the evening. The second paragraph will be about what you did last
Saturday. This paragraph will be mostly in the preterite, but also some imperfect tense
might be used. You should focus on using the reflexive verbs and the items of personal
care found on your vocab. list.
Oral Exam
With a classmate, make a presentation for a product of personal care. In other words, you
will be doing a commercial for a personal care product. Your ad should include the
following.
One negative command (Ud. or Uds.)
Two affirmative commands (Ud. or Uds.)
Two reflexive verbs
Persuasion
Creativity
Quality