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Transcript
Gramática Española
Masculine Nouns
Feminine Nouns
Libro
Chico
Cuaderno
Bolígrafo
Vestido
Casa
Universidad
Situación
Mesa
Libertad
Gender: Word ending

ma l o n e r s
d ión z a
El
La
Los Las
Masculine
Singular
Plural
Feminine
El gato La gata
Los gatos Las gatas
Un
Una
Unos Unas
Masculine
Feminine
Un gato
Una gata
Unos gatos Unas gatas
Add -> s
Add -> es
to nouns that end to nouns that end
in a vowel
in a consonant
Singular Plural
gato
gatos
casa
casas
Singular
Doctor
papel
Ending -> z
changes to c
Plural
Singular
Doctores lapiz
papeles pez
Plural
lapices
peces
Subject
Pronouns
Direct
Object
Pronouns
Indirect
Object
pronouns
Object of
Preposition
Yo
Tú
Él/Ella/Ud.
Nosotros/as
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
Me
Te
Lo/La
Nos
Los/Las
Me
Te
Le
Nos
Les
Mí
Tí
Él/Ella/Ud.
Nosotros/as
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.


When used together, the Indirect
Object Pronoun always comes before
the Direct Object Pronoun:
¿Me la puedes traer?
Se replaces le and les before the Direct
Object Pronoun lo, la, los and las:
Se lo di al director.



Reflexives pronouns indicate that the subject both
performs and receives the action of the verb:
Carlos se levantó temprano
Reflexive pronouns are used with some verbs to
indicate inner processes or emotional reaction:
Amanda se enojó cuando oyó las noticias
The reflexive object pronoun nos, os and se can
be used to express reciprocal actions:
Él y su abuelo se abrazaron



Combined with an Indirect Object pronoun
and a Verb to express an unintentional
event: Se me olvidó el libro.
Se also can be used to express an indefinite
subject: Se habla Español.
Se also can be used to express passive
voice: Se construyeron muchas casas.

The neuter relative pronoun lo que…
can be translated as What, Whatever,
or Which:
Eso es lo que dijo Susana
¿Cuánto(a)?
¿Adónde?
¿Cuántos(as)?
¿Cómo?
¿De dónde?
¿Cuál (es)? ¿Dónde?
¿Cuándo?
¿Por qué?
¿Qué?
¿Quién (es)?


Inequality: use the same structure
with adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
Equality: tan is used with adjectives
and adverbs and tanto/a/os/as
with nouns.
Más
adjective
+
Menos
adverb
+ que
noun
Más
+ de + number
Menos
They use the same structure with adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.

tan + adjective or adverb + como

tanto/a/os/as + noun + como

tan is used with adjectives and adverbs and

tanto/a/os/as with nouns.

Are words that describe nouns. The
adjectives must agree in gender (masc. or
fem.) and number (sing.or pl.) with the
noun it modifies. Adjectives that end in - e
or in consonant only agree in number.
Descriptive adjectives are usually placed
after the noun they modify.
Ending
Masculine
With an - o(a)
El gato simpático
La gata simpática
Los gatos simpáticos
Las gatas simpáticas
El niño inteligente
La niña inteligente
Los niños inteligentes
Las niñas inteligentes
El traje azul
La blusa azul
Los trajes azules
Las blusas azules
With an – e
With a consonant
Feminine



Are used to point things out with their
relationship to the speaker.
Near
middle or
far from you.
They correspond to the English
demonstratives adjectives this, that,
these and those

this, that, these and those
Near from you
Masculine
Este chico
Estos chicos
Este libro
Estos libros
Este vaso
Estos vasos
Feminine
Esta chica
Estas chicas
Esta manzana
Estas manzanas
Esta casa
Estas casas
Middle range from you
Masculine
Ese chico
Esos chicos
Ese libro
Esos libros
Ese vaso
Esos vasos
Feminine
Esa chica
Esas chicas
Esa manzana
Esas manzanas
Esa casa
Etas casas
Far from you
Masculine
aquel chico
aquellos chicos
aquel libro
aquellos libros
aquel vaso
aquellos vasos
Feminine
aquella chica
aquellas chicas
aquella manzana
aquellas manzanas
aquella casa
aquellas casas
Possesive adjectives tell you
whose Object or person is being
referred to (my car, his book, her
mother, your turn, their chance,
our class).
Note: Possession can also be expressed with the preposition
de: Es la casa de Luis instead of es su casa
Singular
Masculine
Mi libro
Tu libro
Su libro
Nuestro
libro
Su libro
Feminine
Mi casa
Tu casa
Su casa
Nuestra
casa
Su casa
Plural
Masculine
Mis libros
Tus libros
Sus libros
Nuestros
libros
Sus libros
Feminine
Mis casas
Tus casas
Sus casas
Nuestras
casas
Sus casas
Singular
Masculine
Mío
Tuyo
Suyo
Nuestro
Suyo
Feminine
Mía
Tuya
Suya
Nuestra
Suya
Plural
Masculine
Míos
Tuyos
Suyos
Nuestros
Suyos
Feminine
Mías
Tuyas
Suyas
Nuestras
Suyas
Sí
Algún, alguna
También
Algo
Algunos, algunas o…o
Alguien Siempre
ya
No
Nada
Nadie
Ningún, ninguna
También
Ningunos,ningunas O…o
Siempre
Ya
Infinitive
Present
Participle
Past
Participle
cant –
com –
Viv -
to speak
to eat
to live
speaking
eating
living
spoken
eaten
lived
Subject
cant com escrib Pronouns
Yo
o
o
o
Tú
as
es
es
Él/Ella/Ud.
a
e
e
Nosotros/as
amos
emos
imos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds
an
en
en
I sing
I eat
I write
Subject
cant com escrib Pronouns
Yo
aba
ía
ía
Tú
abas
ías
ías
Él/Ella/Ud.
aba
ía
ía
Nosotros/as
ábamos
íamos
íamos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds
aban
ían
ían
* used to sing
* used to eat
* used to write
Subject
Pronouns
Yo
Tú
Él/Ella/Ud.
Nosotros/as
Ellos/Ellas/Uds
cant -
com é
aste
ó
amos
aron
*did sing/sang
escrib í
í
iste
iste
ió
ió
imos
imos
ieron
ieron
*did eat/ate
*did write/wrote
Subject
cant com escrib Pronouns
Yo
é
é
é
Tú
ás
ás
ás
Él/Ella/Ud.
á
á
á
Nosotros/as
emos
emos
emos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds
án
án
án
* will sing
* will eat
Do not drop ending!
* will write
Subject
cant com escrib Pronouns
Yo
ía
ía
ía
Tú
ías
ías
ías
Él/Ella/Ud.
ía
ía
ía
Nosotros/as
íamos
íamos
íamos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds
ían
ían
ían
*would sing
*would eat
Do not drop ending
*would write
Copyright Notice
This material is free for Individual use only. Reproduction for
other purposes is prohibited without written permission from:
www.lacany.org/ila/spa1
[email protected]
[email protected]
® Carlos M. Ossa 1997-2002