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PERSIAN Chart AP World History Culture/Civilization: Imperial China POLITICAL Leaders, Elites State Structure War Diplomacy, Treaties Courts, Laws ECONOMIC Type of System Technology, Industry Trade, Commerce Capital/Money Types of Businesses RELIGIOUS Holy Books Beliefs, Teaching Conversion Sin/Salvation Deities SOCIAL Family Gender Relations Social Classes Date: 9/12/10 -Qin and Han governments demanded that peasant families supply men for labor and military service. -Census was held periodically. -Warring States Period (480 – 221 B.C.E.) -Qin unified China because of the ruthlessness of Shi Huangdi and his prime minister Li Si. The Qin also had experience in mobilizing large amounts of manpower. -Qin established strong centralized state (Legalist). -Qin suppressed Confucianism, eliminated rival authority, eliminated primogeniture and slavery, made a rural economy of free land-owning tax-paying farmers, standardized weights and measures, built roads to link the empire, and constructed the great wall of China. -Death of Shi Huangdi in 210 B.C.E. led to rebellion and eventual overthrow of the dynasty. -Liu Bang (peasant) defeated all contestants for control of China and established Han dynasty. -Han dynasty had a political system that drew on both Confucian philosophy and Legalist techniques. -Emperor Wu (Ruled 140 – 87 B.C.E.) expanded territory of dynasty. -Central government run by two chief officials and numerous ministers. -Local officials collected taxes, drafted men for labor, and settled local disputes. -The Xiongnu were a group of nomads that were the Han’s main problem. -Han dynasty fell due to financial problems, rebellions, nomadic attacks, corruption, and the break down of military enlistment. -Most important resources were agriculture and labor. -Agricultural production taxed by government. -China advanced from bronze to iron around 500 B.C.E. -Chinese used molds instead to make cast iron instead of wrought-iron. -Han dynasty brought invention of the crossbow, cavalry, watermill, and the horse collar. -Also invented courier system and canals for water transportation. -Main export was silk, leading to the naming of the silk road (most important trade route) -Teachings of Confucius were a source of values for family, social, and political organization. -Confucius placed absolute authority with father -Confucius also regarded hierarchy as natural. -Confucius believed that people would fulfill their roles if they were correctly instructed and imitated good role models. -Believed in nature spirits. -Unusual natural phenomena were ill omens. -Fengshui (geomancy) = the idea that the placement and orientation of buildings and graves determined amount of fortune. -Family was basic unit of society. -Ancestors were routinely consulted, appeased, and venerated. -Women were to cook, take care of household chores, and obey husbands. -Marriages were arranged and the wife had to prove herself by working hard, Inequalities Life Styles obeying, devoting, and bearing sons to the husband. -Chang’an elite lived lavish lifestyle. -The commoners in Chang’an lived a basic lifestyle in very condensed communities. -Emperor was supreme in state and society. Regarded as Son of Heaven. Any wrongdoing of the emperor could mean that they could lose the mandate of heaven because of misrule. -Gentry = class of moderately wealthy and educated local landowners. -Gentry adopted Confucianism. INTELLECTUAL Art, Music Writing, Literature Philosophy Math & Science Education ARTS Art, Music Writing, Literature NEAR: GEOGRAPHY Location Physical Movement Human/Environment Region NOTES: -China was diverse ecologically, topographically, biologically, and climatically. -Yangzi Valley was most productive region. -The Han expanded at expense of other ethnic groups. -Han Capital was at Chang’an during the Western Han period (202 B.C.E. – 8 B.C.E.) -Capital went to Luoyang during Eastern Han period (23-22 C.E.)