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Phrases
Another lovingly created grammar power
point for my favorite sophomores.
The art is Dali’s. . .
Phrase (Definition)
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A phrase is a group of related words
that is used as a single part of
speech and does not contain a verb
and its subject.
There are many types of Phrases
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Preposition
gerund
infinitive
participle
appositive
Prepositional Phrases
Definition: A prepositional phrase is a
group of words beginning with a
preposition and usually ending with a
noun or pronoun.
Ex: Jared and Nat were standing near the
door.
The teacher gave the grade to MJ.
Even though Zoe was late when she came
to class, the teacher still adored her.
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Fun Fact:
Prepositional phrase (the object)
The noun or pronoun
that ends the
prepositional phrase
is the object of the
preposition.
Phrase: Beyond the hill
Through the science
building.
At Pinkberry
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Two Types of Prepositional Phrases
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Adjective phrase
Adverb Phrase
Adjectival Prepositional Phrases
Phrases that modify nouns or
pronouns in the same way as
single word adjectives.
Ex.
A hopeful sign --------------- a sign
of hope
Sprinkles cupcake------a cupcake from Sprinkles
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Adverb phrases
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A prepositional phrase that modifies
a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb is an adverb modifier.
Ex. The Beverly freshman hid behind
her books.
At lunch, Vera sat by the tree.
2 Fun Facts about:
Adverbial Phrases
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Adverb phrases tell when, where,
why, how and to what extent.
Unlike adjective phrases, which
always follow the words they
modify, adverb phrases can appear
at different places in the sentence.
More than one adverb can modify
the same word.
Examples of the Adverbial Phrase:
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The class grew quiet when the
teacher was angry.
David and Michael peered down
Heath Avenue
This summer we’re going by
car.
Again: Adverb phrases say
when, where, why, how and
to what extent.
Verbal Phrases
Verbals are forms of a verb
that are not used as
verbs but as other parts
of speech.
There are three kinds of
verbals:
 Participle
 Gerund
 Infinitives
Participle phrases
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Verb form used as an
adjective. Since the
participle is part verb and
part adjective, it might
be called a verbal
adjective.
The simmering pot of
gumbo smelled yummy.
A blistered heel can be
irritating.
Present participles
Consist of the plain form of
the verb plus –ing.
Ex.
 The smiling yoga teacher
did a handstand against
the wall.
 Plotting to make
grammar fun, the English
teacher finally changed
her approach.

Past participles
Consist of the plain
form plus –ed.
Ex:
Discovered by the
principal, the startled
sophomore was led
away from the
student store.
Pleased to have arrived
to class on time,
Sharlene smiled
demurely.
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The Participial Phrase
A participial phrase consists of
a participle and its related
words, such as modifiers
which act together as an
adjective.
Ex:
Sliding into class late, I felt
embarrassed as I put down
my mat. (sliding into
class modifies I)
I heard the other yogis
whispering about me.
(whispering about me
modifies yogis)
Gerund Phrase (Lucky you! There’s a
trick to this one)
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Consists of a gerund
together with its
complements and modifiers
which act as a noun. (trickreplace phrase with it to
determine if it is a gerund).
Grace enjoys running on
the treadmill. (The gerund
phrase is the direct object of
verb enjoys.)
How to identify participial or gerund
phrases?

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Participial have –ing
or –ed.
Gerund phrases can
be replaced with it.
If it can’t be replaced
with it , the phrase is
a participial
Infinitive Phrases
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An infinitive is a verb form, usually
preceded by to, that is used as a
noun, adj. or adverb
To err is human
I want to work in my garden.
*See 83, bottom of page for
exceptions
Infinitive Phrases
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An Infinitive Phrase consists of an
infinitive together with its
complements and modifiers.
To do a handstand in the center
of the room is very difficult. [the
infinitive phrase is used as a noun
and is the subject of the sentence].
Appositives and Appositive Phrases
An appositive is a noun or
pronoun that follows
another noun or pronoun
to explain it. (2 tricksappositives can always
be cut out; or pausing
the sentence)
 An appositive phrase is
made up of an appositive
and its modifiers.
Ex:
 My student, Carli Wright,
is excellent at grammar.
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Example of an Appositive phrase:
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Her teacher, Ms. Goler,
visited Maachu Pichu, an
example of an ancient
Incan Empire,
A veteran traveler of
South America, Ms.
Goler is desperately trying
to reach her goal, of
traveling to South
Korea.
Congratulations!
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You have been awarded an
opportunity to demonstrate your
phrase erudition.
HW: Page 89,90, exercise d and e
Post Test 1 on page 91
These are due on the block day, at
the beginning of class.