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OSTEOLOGI UMUM dr. Yoyok Subagio Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang TUJUAN KULIAH 1. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui secara umum tentang susunan tulang manusia 2. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui susunan tulang secara anatomi,fisiologi dan patofisiologis 3. Mahasiswa memahami kelainan tulang akibat trauma dan non trauma 4. Mahasiswa mampu mengerjakan tugas struktur dengan baik dan benar STRUCTURE OF BONE The matrix of bone The cells of Mature bone THE MATRIX OF BONE Water (25%) Organic Constituent (~25%) Inorganic Constituent (~50%) THE CELLS OF BONE Osteogenic cells- stem cells. Osteoblasts- bone building cells, secrete matrix & collagen fibers. Osteocytes- mature bone cells that no longer secrete matrix. Osteoclasts- bone digestion Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Metaphysis Articular cartilage Medullary cavity Structure of Long Bone Figure 6.3 Histological Structure of bone Long Bone Formation and Growth Slide SKELETON (Kerangka Tulang) Secara umum dibagi menjadi : Axial skeleton (tulang axis tubuh) Skull Auditory ossicles Hyoid bone Vertebral column Ribs and sternum 22 6 1 26 25 Appendicular skeleton (extremitas tubuh) Upper extremity Lower extremity 64 62 SKULL Skull Associated bone Audiotory ossicles Hyoid Cranium Face occipital,pari etal,frontal, temporal , sphenoid,eth moid Maxilla, palatine,nasal ,inferior nasal conchae,zygo matic,lacrimal e,vomer,man dibula The Fetal Skull Fontanelles – fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones Allow the brain to grow Convert to bone within 24 months after birth Figure 5.13 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide Human Skull, Superior View Human Skull, Inferior View Figure 5.9 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.24 Paranasal Sinuses Functions of paranasal sinuses Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice Figure 5.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the tongue Figure 5.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.26 BONES of TRUNK (vertebrae) Composition: vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum and ribs Vertebrae •Cervical =7 •Thoracic = 12 •Lumbar =5 •Sacrum =5 •Coccyx =1 Vertebrae Collum General features of vertebrae Vertebral body Vertebral arch pedicle of vertebral arch : sup. and inf. Vertebral notch lamina of vertebral arch process (7): spinous process transverse process sup. and inf. articular processes Vertebral foramen Vertebral canal Intervertebral foramen v. cervicalis Os. atlas v. thoracalis v. lumbalis Os. axis Sacrum Anterior surface: promontory, anterior sacral foramina (four pairs) Posterior surface: median sacral crest, posterior sacral foramina (four pairs), sacral hiatus sacral cornu Lateral part: auricular surface, sacral tuberosity THORACIC CAGE Sternum Ribs Atypical rib First rib: tubercle for scalenus anterior, sulcus for subclavian artery and vein 11th and 12th ribs lack costal necks, tubercles and angles APPENDICULAR SKELETON Appendicular skeleton Pectoral girdles Clavicula Upper limbs Lower limbs Scapula Humerus,radius, ulna,carpal,meta carpal,phalanges Femur,patella, tibia,fibula,tar sal,metatarsal ,phalanges Pelvic girdle Hip bones Pectoral Girdles Clavicula Scapula Upper Limbs Humerus Upper end: head of radius, neck of radius, radial tuberosity, and articular circumference Shaft:interosseous border Lower end: styloid process laterally, ulnar notch medially, and carpal articular surface inferiorly Carpal bones Proximal row ― (lateral to medial) scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform Distal row ― (lateral to medial) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate Metacarpal bones Numbered one to five from thumb to little finger Structure of each―base (proximally), shaft, and head (distally) Phalanges of fingers Consist of 14 ―two for first digit (thumb) and three for each of other four digits Structure of each ―base (proximally), shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally), tuberosity of distal phalanx Bones of the Lower Limbs The thigh has one bone Femur – thigh bone Patella Figure 5.35a, b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide Bones of the Lower Limbs The leg has two bones Tibia Fibula Figure 5.35c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide Bones of the Lower Limbs The foot Tarsus – ankle Metatarsals – sole Phalanges – toes Figure 5.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.41 Hip bone Consisting of three fused bones, ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium Body of ilium to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine , anterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine ,posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface ,iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity, Pelvic Girdle The Pelvis Figure 5.23a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide Hip bone Consisting of three fused bones, ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium Body of ilium to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine , anterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine ,posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface ,iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity, Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.23c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.39 CLINICAL FINDING Trauma Non Trauma Fracture of the distal end pf the radius 47 OPEN FRACTURED Gr III G IIIB G IIIA G IIIC TERIMAKASIH