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OSTEOLOGI UMUM
dr. Yoyok Subagio
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
TUJUAN KULIAH
1. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui secara umum tentang
susunan tulang manusia
2. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui susunan tulang secara
anatomi,fisiologi dan patofisiologis
3. Mahasiswa memahami kelainan tulang akibat trauma
dan non trauma
4. Mahasiswa mampu mengerjakan tugas struktur
dengan baik dan benar
STRUCTURE OF BONE


The matrix of bone
The cells of Mature bone
THE MATRIX OF BONE
Water
(25%)
Organic Constituent (~25%)
Inorganic Constituent (~50%)
THE CELLS OF BONE




Osteogenic cells- stem cells.
Osteoblasts- bone building cells, secrete
matrix & collagen fibers.
Osteocytes- mature bone cells that no longer
secrete matrix.
Osteoclasts- bone digestion
Anatomy of a Long Bone





Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Articular cartilage
Medullary cavity
Structure of Long Bone
Figure 6.3
Histological Structure of bone
Long Bone Formation and Growth
Slide
SKELETON (Kerangka Tulang)
Secara umum dibagi menjadi :
 Axial skeleton (tulang axis tubuh)
Skull
Auditory ossicles
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Ribs and sternum

22
6
1
26
25
Appendicular skeleton (extremitas tubuh)
Upper extremity
Lower extremity
64
62
SKULL
Skull
Associated
bone
Audiotory
ossicles
Hyoid
Cranium
Face
occipital,pari
etal,frontal,
temporal ,
sphenoid,eth
moid
Maxilla,
palatine,nasal
,inferior nasal
conchae,zygo
matic,lacrimal
e,vomer,man
dibula
The Fetal Skull
 Fontanelles –
fibrous membranes
connecting the
cranial bones
 Allow the brain
to grow
 Convert to bone
within 24 months
after birth
Figure 5.13
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
Human Skull, Superior View
Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 5.24
Paranasal Sinuses
 Functions of paranasal sinuses
 Lighten the skull
 Give resonance and amplification to voice
Figure 5.10
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
The Hyoid Bone
 The only bone that
does not articulate
with another bone
 Serves as a
moveable base for
the tongue
Figure 5.12
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 5.26
BONES of TRUNK (vertebrae)

Composition: vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx,
sternum and ribs
Vertebrae
•Cervical
=7
•Thoracic = 12
•Lumbar
=5
•Sacrum
=5
•Coccyx
=1
Vertebrae
Collum
General features of vertebrae



Vertebral body
Vertebral arch

pedicle of vertebral arch : sup. and
inf. Vertebral notch

lamina of vertebral arch
process (7):






spinous process
transverse process
sup. and inf. articular processes
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral canal
Intervertebral foramen
v. cervicalis
Os. atlas
v. thoracalis
v. lumbalis
Os. axis
Sacrum

Anterior surface:
promontory, anterior sacral
foramina (four pairs)

Posterior surface:
median sacral crest,
posterior sacral foramina
(four pairs), sacral hiatus
sacral cornu

Lateral part:
auricular surface, sacral
tuberosity
THORACIC CAGE


Sternum
Ribs
Atypical rib


First rib:
tubercle for scalenus
anterior, sulcus for
subclavian artery and
vein
11th and 12th ribs lack
costal necks, tubercles
and angles
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Appendicular
skeleton
Pectoral
girdles
Clavicula
Upper
limbs
Lower
limbs
Scapula
Humerus,radius,
ulna,carpal,meta
carpal,phalanges
Femur,patella,
tibia,fibula,tar
sal,metatarsal
,phalanges
Pelvic
girdle
Hip
bones
Pectoral Girdles

Clavicula

Scapula
Upper Limbs

Humerus



Upper end: head of
radius, neck of
radius, radial
tuberosity, and
articular circumference
Shaft：interosseous
border
Lower end: styloid
process laterally,
ulnar notch medially,
and carpal articular
surface inferiorly
Carpal bones


Proximal row ― (lateral to medial) scaphoid,
lunate, triquetral and pisiform
Distal row ― (lateral to medial) trapezium,
trapezoid, capitate and hamate
Metacarpal bones


Numbered one to five from thumb to little
finger
Structure of each―base (proximally),
shaft, and head (distally)
Phalanges of fingers


Consist of 14 ―two for first digit (thumb)
and three for each of other four digits
Structure of each ―base (proximally),
shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally),
tuberosity of distal phalanx
Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The thigh has
one bone
 Femur – thigh
bone
 Patella
Figure 5.35a, b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The leg has
two bones
 Tibia
 Fibula
Figure 5.35c
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
Bones of the Lower Limbs
 The foot
 Tarsus – ankle
 Metatarsals –
sole
 Phalanges –
toes
Figure 5.25
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 5.41
Hip bone
Consisting of three fused bones,
ilium, ischium, pubis
 Ilium
Body of ilium
to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum
 Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior
iliac spine ， anterior inferior iliac spine,
tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior
iliac spine ，posterior inferior iliac spine,
greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface
，iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface,
iliac tuberosity,

Pelvic Girdle
The Pelvis
Figure 5.23a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
Hip bone
Consisting of three fused bones,
ilium, ischium, pubis
 Ilium
Body of ilium
to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum
 Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior
iliac spine ， anterior inferior iliac spine,
tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior
iliac spine ，posterior inferior iliac spine,
greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface
，iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface,
iliac tuberosity,

Gender Differences of the Pelvis
Figure 5.23c
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 5.39
CLINICAL FINDING
Trauma
 Non Trauma

Fracture of the distal end pf the radius
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OPEN
FRACTURED
Gr III
G IIIB
G IIIA
G IIIC
TERIMAKASIH