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Journal During the Middle Ages, there was a code of conduct called Chivalry. What do you think of when you hear this word? What does it mean to you? The Early Middle Ages: The Franks & Feudalism Or..were the Dark Ages really a dark as they seemed? Who sacked the city of Rome? The Franks • In the Roman province of Gaul (France) • No cities or written laws – 100s of tiny kingdoms – Farmers or herders • Swore loyalty to King – weapons & loot Clovis • Converts to Christianity after a battle • Church supports Clovis’s conquests • by 511 AD—united all of the Franks into one kingdom • Two forces were now allied 1. Military (Franks) 2. Spiritual (Church) Charles Martel • extended Frank’s reign to the north, south, and east • defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours – Stopped the Muslim expansion into W. Europe – becomes a Christian hero Pepin the Short • son of Charles Martel • Fights the Lombards for the Church • pope declares him “king by the Grace of God” • this begins the Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne • Greatest European empire since Rome • Summer military campaigns – Muslims in Spain and Germanic tribes • Spread Christianity by conquering the east and south • Holy Roman Emperor – joining of Germanic power, the Church, and the heritage of the Roman Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Included 2/3 of Italy, all of France, a small part of Spain, and Germany Charlemagne Cnt. • Limits rule of the nobles • Visits whole kingdom • Increases Education – Irish, English, German, Italian, and Spanish scholars – school for court children • Monasteries—trained monks – expanded libraries – handwritten copies of books After Charlemagne • Grandsons split empire • Magyars—900 AD, cavalry from Hungary invade • Vikings—From Scandinavia, sailors – Raided and looted from Ireland to France What is Feudalism? • Social Structure of the Middle Ages • Based on loyalty and importance of the Oath • Keep these words in mind while you are watching the film: – – – – – – – – Manor Lords Vassals Fief Knights Serf Peasants Self-Sufficiency Feudalism Social Pyramid Dependent on each Gives King/Lord Vassal Land (fief) Power/ authority Collects Taxes Loyalty Military service Taxes other: Relationships King Lords Gives Lesser Nobles, Knights Serfs Peasants Manor Lord Serf Small land Labor/taxes Protection Loyalty Basic needs Military service (sometimes) The Manor System • Self-Sufficient – All needs provided on estate • Controlled by Lord – (who was someone else’s Vassal) – Remember: Chivalry • Complex rules governing society • Three Masters: – Feudal Lord – Heavenly Lord – Chosen Lady • Knights usually wealthy – Education starts at 7 till 21 • Tournaments, troubadours, poetry – Real warfare brutal • Few women had authority