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Chapter Assessment Terms, People, and Places Choose the italicized term in parentheses that best completes each sentence. 1. The king of the Franks who conquered Gaul and converted to Christianity was (Clovis/Charles Martel). 2. Scandinavian raiders from the north were (Magyars/Vikings). 3. When a lord inherited a manor, he also gained control of the (knights/serfs) who worked on it. 4. The sacred rites of the church are called (sacraments/canon law). 5. Popes claimed (excommunication/papal supremacy), giving them authority over kings and emperors. 6. Monks who traveled around Europe preaching to the poor were called (friars/secular). 7. A (charter/capital) set out the rights and privileges of a town. 8. Medieval merchants joined together in (charters/ partnerships) to reduce financial risk. Main Ideas Section 1 (pp. 214–218) 9. How were the Germanic tribes governed? 10. Why did Charlemagne’s empire break up after his death? Section 2 (pp. 219–224) 11. Describe the mutual obligations that emerged under feudalism. 12. How did medieval manors function? Section 3 (pp. 225–230) 13. What role did the Church play in daily life? 14. How did the Church gain secular power? Section 4 (pp. 231–237) 15. What were the effects of improvements in agriculture? 16. What led to the growth of towns? 17. What was the commercial revolution? Chapter Focus Question 18. How did feudalism, the manor economy, and the Church shape life in Western Europe as the region slowly developed a new medieval culture? Critical Thinking 19. Recognize Cause and Effect Why did the collapse of the western Roman empire lead to a new age in Western Europe? 20. Draw Conclusions Why was Charlemagne important even though his empire collapsed after his death? 21. Make Comparisons Compare and contrast the manor economy with the kind of economy that developed in towns during the commercial revolution. 22. Synthesize Information Why was the pope a powerful figure in medieval Europe? 23. Recognize Cause and Effect What social changes were caused by the commercial revolution? Explain why. 24. Predict Consequences How do you think the existence of a powerful Muslim empire on the fringes of Europe will affect the later Middle Ages? Explain why. ● Writing About History Writing a Research Report The Middle Ages produced a civilization very different from our own. Write a research report about one aspect of medieval civilization. To choose your topic, focus first on a group that interests you, such as knights, noblewomen, serfs, apprentices, monks, or merchants. Consult the Writing Handbook for additional help. Prewriting Go online to PHSchool.com and enter Web Code naa-0752 to read about the groups listed above. • Choose the group that interests you most and write a series of questions that reflect what you would like to learn about that group. 240 • Gather more resources and narrow your topic to one or two of the questions you listed. Drafting • Develop a working thesis and choose information from your sources to support it. • Make an outline to organize your report. • Write an introduction, body, and conclusion. Choose an interesting anecdote or quotation for your introduction or conclusion. Revising • Use the guidelines for revising your report on page SH15 of the Writing Handbook.