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RISE OF ISLAM RISE OF ISLAM • Bedouin traders and Islamic origins • role of Mecca (the Ka’aba) • Muhammad- an orphan; becomes a business manager for Khadijah, a wealthy businesswoman; they marry; he is devout • the Cave of Hira Revelation (Muhammad was 40) • Muhammad did not believe he was creating a new religion • Islam= “Surrender” •622- Muhammad leaves Mecca for Yathrib (Medina) (this is known as the Hijrah) The Black Rock RISE OF ISLAM • 630- Muhammad marches to Mecca with 10000 followers. Mecca surrenders. • Muhammad dies at age 63 • The Qur’an or Koran- written in Arabic (only Arabic version considered the true word of God); it is not a chronological text; 114 chapters or surahs, 6236 verses; many are in rhymed prose • Hadith= statements of Muhammad • Five Pillars: Faith- “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger” Prayer- 5 times a day facing toward Mecca RISE OF ISLAM Alms- special religious tax Fasting- during Ramadan, fast between dawn and sunset; spiritual over physical Pilgrimmage- the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca • Sunna= Muhammad’s example • Shari’a or Sharia- Muslim law