Download of Islam - Mrs. Davis` World Geography

The World of Islam
(600-1500A.D.)
Whirling Dervishes of Istanbul
Key Terms: 1. Allah
The Arabic word for God,
the one and only God.
Allah is the same God worshipped by
Christians and Jews.
2. Islam
The word for the Muslim religion.
The literal meaning of the word is
“submission to God”.
3. Muhammad
The prophet or apostle of God.
His role in conveying the word of God was
similar to that of Moses or Jesus.
4. Mecca
Town where Muhammad was born and
raised.
A holy city to Muslims.
5. Muslim
A believer in Islam.
Literally translates to
“one who submits to God”.
6. Quran
Holy scripture (word) of Islam;
revealed by God to Muhammad.
Also written as Koran or Qur’an.
7. Hajj
Pilgrimage; especially the pilgrimage to
Mecca.
A pilgrimage is a long journey or search of
great moral significance.
8. Mosque
A Muslim place of worship.
9. Jihad
A struggle or fight.
Sometimes translated as “holy war”
Used in reference to wars fought by Muslims
against those thought to be enemies of
Islam.
10. Ramadan
Takes place in the 9th month of
the Islamic year.
Muslims are required to fast from dawn until
sunset during the month of Ramadan, the
month that the Quran was revealed.
Fasting during this month is thought to
figuratively burn away sins.
Islamic Groups
• Sunni Muslim
– Orthodox or mainstream body of Muslims
– Majority of Muslims are Sunni
• Shi’ite (Shiah) Muslims
– Minority division (about 10-15%)
– Sometimes thought to be more radical than
Sunni Muslims
Main Beliefs of Islam
5 Pillars of Islam
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The Five Pillars of Islam
All Muslims are required to perform the five
pillars if they are able (mentally and
physically).
Faith:
Belief in one God and that
Muhammad is His prophet.
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Prayer:
5 times a day – facing
Mecca
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/images/5.jpg
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Charity (or Alms)
Giving part of one’s wealth to the poor.
REQUIRED, not optional.
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Fasting
During the month of Ramadan,
Muslims cannot eat or drink
anything during the daylight hours.
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Pilgrimage
Once in their lives, IF they can
afford it, Muslims make a
pilgrimage to Mecca
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In Mecca during the pilgrimage
www.thefaithclub.com
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Conclusions:
• Islam is an important religion, which
shares many beliefs and practices with
Christianity and Judaism.
• Muslims live in many different countries.
Islam is especially widespread in Africa,
Asia, and southeastern Europe (the
Balkans).
• Islam has had a great impact on world art
and culture.
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The Rise and Fall
of the Islamic
World
(632 – 1500AD)
1. The Death of Muhammad
• When Muhammad died in 632AD, his
close friend and father-in-law, Abu
Bakr, was chosen as the leader of
the Muslims
• He took the title of caliph, or
successor
• Under Abu Bakr, the Arabs started
military campaigns against
neighboring states
2. The Muslim Empire
• By 750AD, the Muslim Empire had reached its
greatest extent
• It included all of the Middle East, Asia to the borders
of India and China, and all of North Africa
• In these lands, people of many different cultures
lived under the rule of the caliphs
• Most of the conquered peoples
were not forced to convert to
Islam
• Some voluntarily accepted Islam
because they believed in the
Muslim moral code
• Conquered peoples who did not
convert to Islam were allowed to
practice their own religions
3. Muslim Civilization
• Within the borders of their great empire, the Muslims
produced a complex, creative civilization
• Leading scholars and philosophers studied ideas from
many other civilizations, such as the ancient Greeks,
Hindus, and Persians
• The information in these
works inspired Muslim
thinkers to develop new
ideas
• For several centuries,
Muslim achievements in the
arts and sciences were
superior to those of
Europeans
• Long periods of peace in the empire made it
possible for the Arabs to accomplish much
in many fields, such as
– Mathematics
– Medicine
– Literature and philosophy
4. Division in the Empire
• Each caliph considered himself to have a
special tie to the Prophet Muhammad
• In time, however, rebellions erupted and the
Muslim world became divided between 3 rival
empires:
– the Umayyad
– the Abbassid, and
– the Fatimad
5. The Seljuk Turks Take Control
• In the 11th century, most of the Muslim world came
under control of the Seljuk Turks
• Saladin led the capture of Jerusalem from its Christian
defenders in 1187
6. The Mongols Push Back
the Muslim World
• Early in the 13th century, warrior tribes of Mongolia united
under the leadership of a chief named Temujin
• Temujin became Genghis Kahn, which means Very Mighty
King
• Genghis Kahn and his descendents pushed the Muslim
world back as the Mongol Empire grew
7. The Ottoman Empire
• Eventually, Ottoman Turks overcame
the Seljuk Turks and expanded the
Muslim world once again
• The Ottoman Empire reached its peak
under Suleiman the Magnificent, who
ruled from 1520-1566
• The name “Magnificent” was given to
Suleiman by Europeans because he
surrounded himself with beautiful
furnishings and art
8. Decline of the Ottoman Empire
• Poor leadership caused the Ottoman Empire to
gradually lose its power in Europe and North Africa
• It did, however, continue to control much of the
Middle East until the early 20th century
• In the 1920s, what was left of the Ottoman Empire
became the nation of Turkey
• Islam review